Hecht Stephen S
University of Minnesota Cancer Center, MMC 806, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2008 Jan;21(1):160-71. doi: 10.1021/tx7002068. Epub 2007 Dec 4.
Tobacco use continues to be a major cause of cancer in the developed world, and despite significant progress in this country in tobacco control, which is driving a decrease in cancer mortality, there are still over 1 billion smokers in the world. This perspective discusses some selected issues in tobacco carcinogenesis focusing on progress during the 20 years of publication of Chemical Research in Toxicology. The topics covered include metabolism and DNA modification by tobacco-specific nitrosamines, tobacco carcinogen biomarkers, an unidentified DNA ethylating agent in cigarette smoke, mutations in the K-RAS and p53 gene in tobacco-induced lung cancer and their possible relationship to specific carcinogens, secondhand smoke and lung cancer, emerging issues in smokeless tobacco use, and a conceptual model for understanding tobacco carcinogenesis. It is hoped that a better understanding of mechanisms of tobacco-induced cancer will lead to new and useful approaches for the prevention of lung cancer and other cancers caused by tobacco use.
在发达国家，烟草使用仍然是癌症的主要成因。尽管该国在烟草控制方面取得了重大进展，推动了癌症死亡率的下降，但全球仍有超过10亿烟民。本文视角探讨了烟草致癌作用中的一些特定问题，重点关注《毒理学化学研究》发表20年来的进展。涵盖的主题包括烟草特异性亚硝胺的代谢和DNA修饰、烟草致癌物生物标志物、香烟烟雾中一种未明确的DNA乙基化剂、烟草诱导肺癌中K-RAS和p53基因的突变及其与特定致癌物的可能关系、二手烟与肺癌、无烟烟草使用中的新问题，以及一个用于理解烟草致癌作用的概念模型。希望对烟草诱导癌症机制的更好理解将带来预防肺癌和其他烟草所致癌症的新的有效方法。
