Duong Thinh H, Flowers Lisa C
Division of Gynecologic Specialties, Section of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, 69 Jessie Hill Jr. Drive SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2007 Dec;34(4):783-802, x. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2007.10.003.
Vulvar and vaginal cancers are rare and account for approximately 7% of cancers of the female reproductive tract. Vulvar and vaginal neoplasia share similar risk factors: human papillomavirus infection, previous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer, current smoking, sexual factors, and immunosuppression. Several treatment options are available for patients with documented histologic high-grade intraepithelial vulvar or vaginal neoplasia, including excision, laser vaporization, and 5-fluorouracil. After treatment, lifetime follow-up with cytology and colposcopy is recommended. With the widespread use of the human papillomavirus vaccine, one half to two thirds of vulvar and vaginal cancers may be prevented. Patient education regarding reduction of risk factors for progression and close surveillance of at-risk individuals may prevent the progression to invasive disease.
外阴癌和阴道癌较为罕见，约占女性生殖道癌症的7%。外阴和阴道肿瘤具有相似的危险因素：人乳头瘤病毒感染、既往宫颈上皮内瘤变或宫颈癌、当前吸烟、性因素以及免疫抑制。对于组织学确诊为高级别上皮内外阴或阴道肿瘤的患者，有多种治疗选择，包括切除、激光汽化和5-氟尿嘧啶。治疗后，建议进行终身细胞学和阴道镜随访。随着人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的广泛使用，一半至三分之二的外阴癌和阴道癌有望得到预防。对患者进行关于降低疾病进展危险因素的教育，并对高危个体进行密切监测，可能会预防疾病进展为浸润性疾病。
