Lacerda Elisa Maria de Aquino, Kac Gilberto, Braga da Cunha Cynthia, Leal Maria do Carmo
Departamento de Nutrição e Dietética, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2007 Dec;41(6):985-94. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102007000600014.
To assess dietary intake during pregnancy and postpartum according to skin color.
A longitudinal prospective study was carried out comprising 467 postpartum women aged between 15-45 years in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, in 1999-2001. A food frequency questionnaire was administered at two weeks postpartum (intake covering the pregnancy period) and at six months postpartum (intake covering the postpartum period). Analysis of covariance was performed to evaluate differences in food intake among skin color groups, adjusted for educational level.
During pregnancy, black and mulatto women had 13.4% and 9.1% higher energy intake (p=0.009 and p=0.028) and 15.1% and 10.5% higher carbohydrate intake (p=0.005 and p=0.014) than white women, respectively. Energy intake of black and white women exceeded the nutritional recommendations by 34% and 20%, respectively (p=0.035). During the postpartum period, black women had 7.7% higher energy intake (p=0.030) and 14.8% higher lipid intake (p=0.008) than white women, as well as 23.8% and 13% higher saturated fatty acids intake than white (p = 0.003) and mulatto (p = 0.046) women, respectively. The adequacy of lipid and saturated fatty acids intake was higher in black (p=0.024) than white women (p=0.011).
The study suggests the need to revise nutritional interventions strategies in the prenatal period, and to implement nutritional guidance programs during the postpartum period in order to adjust food intake to adequate levels, taking into consideration racial differences identified.
根据肤色评估孕期和产后的饮食摄入量。
1999年至2001年，在巴西东南部里约热内卢市对467名年龄在15至45岁之间的产后妇女进行了一项纵向前瞻性研究。在产后两周（涵盖孕期的摄入量）和产后六个月（涵盖产后时期的摄入量）发放食物频率问卷。进行协方差分析以评估肤色组之间食物摄入量的差异，并根据教育水平进行调整。
孕期，黑人和混血女性的能量摄入量分别比白人女性高13.4%和9.1%（p = 0.009和p = 0.028），碳水化合物摄入量分别比白人女性高15.1%和10.5%（p = 0.005和p = 0.014）。黑人和白人女性的能量摄入量分别比营养建议量高出34%和20%（p = 0.035）。产后时期，黑人女性的能量摄入量比白人女性高7.7%（p = 0.030），脂质摄入量比白人女性高14.8%（p = 0.008），饱和脂肪酸摄入量分别比白人女性（p = 0.003）和混血女性（p = 0.046）高23.8%和13%。黑人女性脂质和饱和脂肪酸摄入量的充足率高于白人女性（p = 0.024）（p = 0.011）。
该研究表明，有必要修订产前营养干预策略，并在产后实施营养指导计划，以便根据所发现的种族差异将食物摄入量调整到适当水平。
