Nutrition and Public Health Unit. Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain.
Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain.
Nutrients. 2020 May 7;12(5):1325. doi: 10.3390/nu12051325.
Pregnancy and post-partum are critical periods in which nutritional intake is essential to maternal and child health. Our aim was to describe dietary intake during pregnancy and post-partum and assess its adequacy. A longitudinal study was conducted on 793 pregnant women. Data about maternal characteristics, health, diet and lifestyle were assessed. Energy and nutritional intake were compared to the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). The results showed that the intake of energy (82.6%), protein (80.6%) and carbohydrate (99.5%) was adequate (above 80% of RDA) during pregnancy, as were vitamins C, B2 and B12; but vitamin D, iron and folate intake were a long way from RDA (below 35%). Similar results were observed for the post-partum period although fiber, and vitamins E and C decreased compared to intake during pregnancy. In conclusion, although nutritional requirements increase during gestation, pregnant women did not increase their energy and nutritional intake during pregnancy and postpartum and they had a high risk of deficient intake of vitamin D, iron and folates during pregnancy, and therefore, of developing an unfavorable nutritional status, contrary to health recommendations. These findings underscore the necessity of intensive nutrition programs during and after pregnancy.
妊娠和产后是母婴健康的关键时期，营养摄入至关重要。我们的目的是描述妊娠和产后的饮食摄入情况，并评估其充足性。对 793 名孕妇进行了一项纵向研究。评估了有关产妇特征、健康、饮食和生活方式的数据。将能量和营养摄入量与推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）进行了比较。结果表明，妊娠期间能量（82.6%）、蛋白质（80.6%）和碳水化合物（99.5%）的摄入量充足（RDA 的 80%以上），维生素 C、B2 和 B12 的摄入量也充足；但维生素 D、铁和叶酸的摄入量远低于 RDA（低于 35%）。产后阶段也观察到类似的结果，尽管与妊娠期间相比，纤维以及维生素 E 和 C 的摄入量有所下降。总之，尽管妊娠期间营养需求增加，但孕妇在妊娠和产后期间并未增加能量和营养摄入，她们在妊娠期间维生素 D、铁和叶酸摄入不足的风险很高，因此，发展为不利的营养状况的风险很高，这与健康建议相悖。这些发现强调了在妊娠期间和之后需要强化营养计划的必要性。
