Schoenmakers Tim, Wiers Reinout W, Field Matt
Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008 Mar;197(1):169-78. doi: 10.1007/s00213-007-1023-5. Epub 2007 Dec 8.
Heavy alcohol drinking increases the incentive salience of alcohol-related cues. This leads to increased appetitive motivation to drink alcohol as measured by subjective craving and cognitive biases such as attentional bias and approach bias. Although these measures relate to the same construct, correlations between these variables are often very low. Alcohol consumption might not only increase different aspects of appetitive motivation, but also correlations between those aspects.
To investigate the effect of a low alcohol dose on changes in various measures of appetitive motivation.
Twenty-three heavy social drinkers were tested in 2 sessions, once after receiving an alcohol prime dose and once after receiving a placebo drink. After drink administration, attentional bias was measured with a visual-probe task using concurrent eye movement monitoring. Furthermore, we measured the approach bias with a stimulus response compatibility task and subjective craving with the Desires for Alcohol Questionnaire.
After the alcohol prime dose, participants had higher levels of craving and more pronounced attentional bias (faster reaction times to probes that replaced alcohol rather than control pictures, increased maintenance of gaze on alcohol pictures, and a higher percentage of first eye movements directed toward alcohol pictures). Approach bias was not influenced by the alcohol prime dose. The correlation between attentional bias and approach bias was significantly higher after the alcohol than after the placebo drink.
A low alcohol dose increased most measures of appetitive motivation for alcohol and increased the interrelation between cognitive measures of this construct.
大量饮酒会增加与酒精相关线索的诱因显著性。这会导致通过主观渴望以及诸如注意偏向和趋近偏向等认知偏差所衡量的饮酒欲望动机增加。尽管这些测量方法与同一结构相关，但这些变量之间的相关性通常非常低。酒精消费可能不仅会增加欲望动机的不同方面，还会增加这些方面之间的相关性。
研究低剂量酒精对欲望动机各项测量指标变化的影响。
23名重度社交饮酒者接受了两次测试，一次在接受酒精初始剂量后，一次在接受安慰剂饮料后。饮料给药后，使用同步眼动监测的视觉探测任务测量注意偏向。此外，我们使用刺激反应兼容性任务测量趋近偏向，并使用酒精欲望问卷测量主观渴望。
在接受酒精初始剂量后，参与者的渴望水平更高，注意偏向更明显（对替换酒精图片而非对照图片的探测刺激反应更快、对酒精图片的注视维持增加，以及首次眼动指向酒精图片的百分比更高）。趋近偏向不受酒精初始剂量的影响。与安慰剂饮料后相比，酒精后注意偏向与趋近偏向之间的相关性显著更高。
低剂量酒精增加了大多数酒精欲望动机的测量指标，并增加了该结构认知测量指标之间的相互关系。
