Zemack-Rugar Yael, Bettman James R, Fitzsimons Gavan J
Department of Marketing, Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007 Dec;93(6):927-39. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.927.
Current empirical evidence regarding nonconsciously priming emotion concepts is limited to positively versus negatively valenced affect. This article demonstrates that specific, equally valenced emotion concepts can be nonconsciously activated, remain inaccessible to conscious awareness, and still affect behavior in an emotion-specific fashion. In Experiment 1A, participants subliminally primed with guilty emotion adjectives showed lower indulgence than did participants subliminally primed with sad emotion adjectives; even after the addition of a 5-min time delay, these results were replicated in Experiment 1B. Participants in the different priming conditions showed no differences in their subjective emotion ratings and were unaware of the emotion prime or concept activation. Experiments 2A and 2B replicated these findings using a helping measure, demonstrating that individuals primed with guilt adjectives show more helping than do individuals primed with sadness adjectives. In all studies, effects were moderated by individuals' specific emotion-response habits and characteristics.
目前关于非意识层面启动情绪概念的实证证据仅限于积极情绪与消极情绪的效价。本文表明，特定的、具有相同效价的情绪概念能够在非意识层面被激活，意识无法察觉这些概念，但其仍能以特定于情绪的方式影响行为。在实验1A中，与被阈下启动悲伤情绪形容词的参与者相比，被阈下启动内疚情绪形容词的参与者表现出更低的放纵程度；即使增加了5分钟的时间延迟，这些结果在实验1B中仍得到了重复。处于不同启动条件下的参与者在主观情绪评分上没有差异，并且没有意识到情绪启动或概念激活。实验2A和2B使用帮助行为测量方法重复了这些发现，表明被内疚形容词启动的个体比被悲伤形容词启动的个体表现出更多的帮助行为。在所有研究中，效应受到个体特定情绪反应习惯和特征的调节。
