Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2010 Nov;36(11):1467-83. doi: 10.1177/0146167210384710. Epub 2010 Sep 27.
People often encounter one emotion-triggering event after another. To examine how an emotion experience affects those that follow, the current article draws on the appraisal-tendency framework and cognitive appraisal theories of emotion. The emotional blunting hypothesis predicts that a specific emotion can carry over to blunt the experience of a subsequent emotion when defined by contrasting appraisal tendencies. Results support the hypothesis: Inducing sadness blunted subsequent anger (Studies 1 and 2), and inducing anger blunted subsequent sadness (Study 2). Situational (human) agency appraisals mediated the effect of anger (sadness) on subsequent sadness (anger) elicitation (Study 2). Priming agency appraisals (Study 3) also moderated results. Finally, the effect of emotional blunting carried over to cognitive outcomes in each of the three studies. Together, the results reveal the importance of examining the sequence of emotional experiences. Implications for emotion and judgment in applied settings (e.g., the courtroom) are discussed.
人们经常会遇到一个又一个的情绪触发事件。为了研究情绪体验如何影响后续情绪，本文借鉴了情绪的评价倾向框架和认知评价理论。情绪钝化假说预测，当情绪被定义为对比评价倾向时，一种特定的情绪可以延续到钝化后续情绪的体验。研究结果支持这一假设：引起悲伤会钝化随后的愤怒（研究 1 和 2），引起愤怒会钝化随后的悲伤（研究 2）。情境（人类）能动性评价中介了愤怒（悲伤）对随后悲伤（愤怒）引发的影响（研究 2）。启动能动性评价（研究 3）也调节了结果。最后，在这三项研究中的每一项中，情绪钝化的效果都延续到了认知结果上。总之，研究结果揭示了考察情绪体验序列的重要性。讨论了情绪和判断在应用环境（例如法庭）中的重要性。
