Maldonado Monica A, Allred Rachel P, Felthauser Erik L, Jones Theresa A
Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2008 May-Jun;22(3):250-61. doi: 10.1177/1545968307308551. Epub 2007 Dec 11.
Exercise and rehabilitative training each have been implicated in the promotion of restorative neural plasticity after cerebral injury. Because motor skill training induces synaptic plasticity and exercise increases plasticity-related proteins, we asked if exercise could improve the efficacy of training on a skilled motor task after focal cortical lesions.
Female young and middle-aged rats were trained on the single-pellet retrieval task and received unilateral ischemic sensorimotor cortex lesions contralateral to the trained limb. Rats then received both, either, or neither voluntary running and/or rehabilitative training for 5 weeks beginning 5 days postlesion. Motor skill training consisted of daily practice of the impaired forelimb in a tray-reaching task. Exercised rats had free access to running wheels for 6 h/day. Reaching function was periodically probed using the single-pellet retrieval task.
In young adults, motor skill training significantly enhanced skilled reaching recovery compared to controls. However, exercise did not significantly enhance performance when administered alone or in combination with skill training. There was also no major benefit of exercise in older rats. Additionally, there were no effects of exercise in a measure of coordinated forelimb placement (the foot-fault test) or in immunocytochemical measures of several plasticity-related proteins in the motor cortex.
In young and middle-aged animals, exercise did not improve motor skill training efficacy following ischemic lesions. Practicing motor skills more effectively improved recovery of these skills than did exercise. It remains possible that an alternative manner of administering exercise would be more effective.
运动和康复训练均被认为可促进脑损伤后神经可塑性的恢复。由于运动技能训练可诱导突触可塑性，且运动可增加与可塑性相关的蛋白质，因此我们探讨运动是否能提高局灶性皮质损伤后对一项熟练运动任务的训练效果。
对年轻和中年雌性大鼠进行单粒食物取回任务训练，并对其训练肢体对侧的感觉运动皮质进行单侧缺血性损伤。损伤后5天开始，大鼠接受自愿跑步和/或康复训练，为期5周，训练方式包括全部接受、只接受其中一种或均不接受。运动技能训练包括每天在托盘够物任务中对受损前肢进行练习。运动组大鼠可自由使用跑轮，每天6小时。使用单粒食物取回任务定期检测够物功能。
在年轻成年大鼠中，与对照组相比，运动技能训练显著增强了熟练够物功能的恢复。然而，单独进行运动或运动与技能训练相结合时，均未显著提高运动表现。在老年大鼠中，运动也没有带来明显益处。此外，运动对协调前肢放置的测量指标（足部失误测试）或运动皮质中几种与可塑性相关蛋白质的免疫细胞化学测量指标均无影响。
在年轻和中年动物中，运动并不能提高缺血性损伤后的运动技能训练效果。与运动相比，更有效地练习运动技能能更好地促进这些技能的恢复。采用其他运动方式可能会更有效。
