Misumi Osami, Yoshida Yamato, Nishida Keiji, Fujiwara Takayuki, Sakajiri Takayuki, Hirooka Syunsuke, Nishimura Yoshiki, Kuroiwa Tsuneyoshi
Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
J Plant Res. 2008 Jan;121(1):3-17. doi: 10.1007/s10265-007-0133-9. Epub 2007 Dec 12.
Algae play a more important role than land plants in the maintenance of the global environment and productivity. Progress in genome analyses of these organisms means that we can now obtain information on algal genomes, global annotation and gene expression. The full genome information for several algae has already been analyzed. Whole genomes of the red alga Cyanidioschyzon [corrected] merolae, the green algae Ostreococcus tauri and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana have been sequenced. Genome composition and the features of cells among the four algae were compared. Each alga maintains basic genes as photosynthetic eukaryotes and possesses additional gene groups to represent their particular characteristics. This review discusses and introduces the latest research that makes the best use of the particular features of each organism and the significance of genome analysis to study biological phenomena. In particular, examples of post-genome studies of organelle multiplication in C. merolae based on analyzed genome information are presented.
藻类在维持全球环境和生产力方面比陆地植物发挥着更重要的作用。这些生物体基因组分析的进展意味着我们现在可以获取有关藻类基因组、全局注释和基因表达的信息。几种藻类的全基因组信息已经得到分析。红藻嗜热栖热放线菌（修正后为嗜热栖热蓝细菌）、绿藻莱茵衣藻和塔氏菱形藻以及硅藻三角褐指藻的全基因组已被测序。比较了这四种藻类的基因组组成和细胞特征。每种藻类作为光合真核生物都保留着基本基因，并拥有额外的基因组来体现其特定特征。本综述讨论并介绍了充分利用每种生物体特定特征的最新研究以及基因组分析对研究生物学现象的意义。特别是，基于已分析的基因组信息，给出了嗜热栖热蓝细菌细胞器增殖的后基因组研究实例。
