Vornin T A, Seredenin S B
Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2007 Jul-Aug;70(4):44-58.
The paper reviews the existing and future nootropic drugs (cognition enhancers) with different mechanisms of action and heterogenous chemical structures, which have been developed on the basis of knowledge of the mechanisms of learning, memory and forgetting, as well as degenerative processes in aging brain and disease-associated cognitive impairments. These agents influence on acetylcholine-, glutamate-, GABA-, 5-HT-, dopamine-, histamine-, adenosine-, phosphodiesterase-, neurotrophic- systems, and neurohormones. Neuropeptides and their analogs, blood flow enhancers, calcium-channel blockers, antioxidants and vitamins and herbal preparations, and some other agents improving cerebral metabolism and influencing the neurodegeneracy involved in Alzheimer's disease are considered. An original classification of cognition enhancers, based on mechanisms of their action, includes more than 200 drugs in current use and those currently under development.
本文综述了现有的和未来的益智药（认知增强剂），它们具有不同的作用机制和各异的化学结构，是基于对学习、记忆和遗忘机制以及衰老大脑中的退行性过程和疾病相关认知障碍的认识而研发的。这些药物会影响乙酰胆碱、谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、5-羟色胺、多巴胺、组胺、腺苷、磷酸二酯酶、神经营养系统以及神经激素。文中还讨论了神经肽及其类似物、血流增强剂、钙通道阻滞剂、抗氧化剂、维生素、草药制剂以及其他一些改善脑代谢并影响阿尔茨海默病相关神经退行性变的药物。基于其作用机制对认知增强剂进行的原创性分类，涵盖了目前正在使用的以及正在研发的200多种药物。
