Brunekreef Bert
Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Universiteit Utrecht, PO Box 80178, Utrecht 3508 TD, The Netherlands.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2007 Dec;17 Suppl 2:S61-5. doi: 10.1038/sj.jes.7500628.
In recent years, several studies in Europe have associated within-city contrasts in air pollution with various health end points including mortality in cohort studies of adults, and respiratory morbidity in cross-sectional and cohort studies of children. Many of these studies have used NO2 contrasts as the primary exposure variable, which raises the issue of whether such associations are uniquely found for NO2 per se, or whether NO2 acts as a surrogate for a complex mixture of combustion pollutants primarily derived from vehicular traffic. Exposure assessment in these studies has been based on dispersion modelling, on data from routine monitoring networks, on stochastic models developed from dedicated spatially resolved monitoring, or some combination of these. The results of a number of recent European studies are discussed.
近年来，欧洲的几项研究将城市内部空气污染差异与各种健康终点联系起来，包括成人队列研究中的死亡率，以及儿童横断面研究和队列研究中的呼吸道发病率。这些研究中有许多将二氧化氮差异用作主要暴露变量，这就引发了一个问题，即这种关联是二氧化氮本身独有的，还是二氧化氮作为主要源自车辆交通的燃烧污染物复杂混合物的替代物。这些研究中的暴露评估基于扩散模型、常规监测网络的数据、从专门的空间分辨监测发展而来的随机模型，或这些方法的某种组合。本文讨论了近期一些欧洲研究的结果。
