Savitz Jonathan, van der Merwe Lize, Ramesar Rajkumar
Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
J Psychiatr Res. 2008 Sep;42(11):920-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.10.011. Epub 2007 Dec 21.
To examine hypomanic, cyclothymic and hostile personality traits in a large, euthymic, family-based group of individuals with bipolar disorder (BPD) and their affectively ill and healthy relatives. To test whether these traits follow a distribution with the most "pathological" scores in the bipolar disorder I (BPD I) group and the least "pathological" scores in the unaffected relatives.
Two-hundred and ninety-six individuals from 47 bipolar disorder families were administered a battery of personality questionnaires (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego; Temperament and Character Inventory; Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale; Hypomanic Personality Scale; Borderline Traits Questionnaire) as well as a self-rating depression (Beck Depression Inventory) and mania (Altman Self-Rating Mania) scale. Out of the 296 participants, 57 were diagnosed with BPD I, 24 with bipolar disorder II (BPD II), 58 with recurrent major depression (MDE-R), 45 had one previous depressive episode (MDE-S), and 86 were unaffected. Twenty six individuals had another DSM-IV diagnosis.
The BPD I group displayed elevated hypomanic, cyclothymic and hostile traits. These traits were also characteristic of the BPD II group but were less salient in the MDE-R group. The MDE-S group did not differ significantly from unaffected relatives. Hypomanic personality characteristics were clearly elevated in both BPD groups and differentiated BPD from major depressive disorder (MDD) individuals.
Our results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that temperament is a genetically quantitative trait.
在一个大型的、心境正常的、以家庭为基础的双相情感障碍（BPD）患者及其情感障碍亲属和健康亲属群体中，研究轻躁狂、环性心境和敌对人格特质。测试这些特质是否遵循一种分布，即双相情感障碍I型（BPD I）组中“病理”得分最高，而未受影响亲属中“病理”得分最低。
对来自47个双相情感障碍家庭的296名个体进行了一系列人格问卷测试（孟菲斯、比萨、巴黎和圣地亚哥气质评估；气质与性格量表；情感神经科学人格量表；轻躁狂人格量表；边缘性特质问卷），以及自评抑郁量表（贝克抑郁量表）和躁狂量表（阿尔特曼自评躁狂量表）。在296名参与者中，57人被诊断为BPD I，24人被诊断为双相情感障碍II型（BPD II），58人被诊断为复发性重度抑郁症（MDE-R），45人曾有过一次抑郁发作（MDE-S），86人未受影响。26人有其他DSM-IV诊断。
BPD I组表现出较高的轻躁狂、环性心境和敌对特质。这些特质也是BPD II组的特征，但在MDE-R组中不那么突出。MDE-S组与未受影响的亲属没有显著差异。轻躁狂人格特征在两个BPD组中均明显升高，并将BPD与重度抑郁症（MDD）个体区分开来。
我们的结果为气质是一种基因定量特质这一假设提供了初步支持。
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