Savitz Jonathan, van der Merwe Lize, Ramesar Rajkumar
Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, USA.
J Affect Disord. 2008 Aug;109(3):305-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2007.12.006. Epub 2008 Jan 14.
Anxious and dysthymic personality traits were measured in a euthymic, familial sample of bipolar (BPD) individuals and their affectively ill and unaffected relatives. According to the quantitative genetic model of bipolar spectrum illness [Evans, L., Akiskal, H.S., Keck, Jr., P.E., McElroy, S.L., Sadovnick, A.D., Remick, R.A., Kelsoe, J.R., 2005. Familiality of temperament in bipolar disorder: support for a genetic spectrum. J. Affect. Disord. 85, 153-168], these traits should be normally distributed with the bipolar disorder I (BPD I) group showing the highest and the unaffected relatives the least "pathological" scores. Three hundred individuals from 47 bipolar disorder families were administered a battery of personality questionnaires (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego; Temperament and Character Inventory; Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale) as well as a self-rating depression (Beck Depression Inventory) and mania (Altman Self-Rating Mania) scale. Out of the 300 participants, 58 were diagnosed with BPD I, 27 with bipolar disorder II (BPD II), 58 with recurrent major depression (MDE-R), 45 had one previous depressive episode (MDE-S), and 88 were unaffected. The BPD I group scored significantly higher than their unaffected relatives on the Harm Avoidance and Sadness scales of the TCI and ANPS, respectively, while the MDE-R but not the BPD samples scored significantly higher than unaffected relatives on the Anxious Temperament (AT) subscale of the TEMPS-A. In general, the mean dysthymic personality scores were highest in the BPD sample, followed by the MDE-R, MDE-S, and unaffected relative groups. Nevertheless, no significant personality differences were found between the psychiatrically-ill groups. While dysthymic temperament traits conform relatively well to the quantitative genetic model of affective illness, anxious traits as defined by the AT scale, are equally salient in BPD and unipolar depression.
在一组处于心境正常的双相情感障碍（BPD）患者及其患有情感性疾病和未患病亲属的家族样本中，对焦虑和恶劣心境人格特质进行了测量。根据双相情感障碍谱系疾病的定量遗传模型[埃文斯，L.，阿基斯卡尔，H.S.，凯克，P.E. Jr.，麦克尔罗伊，S.L.，萨多夫尼克，A.D.，雷米克，R.A.，凯尔索e，J.R.，2005年。双相情感障碍中气质的家族性：对遗传谱系的支持。《情感障碍杂志》85，153 - 168]，这些特质应呈正态分布，其中双相情感障碍I型（BPD I）组得分最高，未患病亲属得分“病理”程度最低。对来自47个双相情感障碍家庭的300名个体进行了一系列人格问卷测试（孟菲斯、比萨、巴黎和圣地亚哥气质评估；气质与性格量表；情感神经科学人格量表）以及自评抑郁量表（贝克抑郁量表）和躁狂量表（奥特曼自评躁狂量表）。在这300名参与者中，58人被诊断为BPD I型，27人被诊断为双相情感障碍II型（BPD II），58人患有复发性重度抑郁症（MDE - R），45人曾有过一次抑郁发作（MDE - S），88人未患病。BPD I组在气质与性格量表（TCI）的回避伤害量表和情感神经科学人格量表（ANPS）的悲伤量表上得分分别显著高于其未患病亲属，而MDE - R组而非BPD样本在TEMPS - A量表的焦虑气质（AT）子量表上得分显著高于未患病亲属。总体而言，恶劣心境人格平均得分在BPD样本中最高，其次是MDE - R组、MDE - S组和未患病亲属组。然而，在精神病患组之间未发现显著的人格差异。虽然恶劣心境气质特质相对较好地符合情感性疾病的定量遗传模型，但AT量表所定义的焦虑特质在BPD和单相抑郁症中同样显著。
