Sobel Kenith V, Gerrie Matthew P, Poole Bradley J, Kane Michael J
Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72035, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2007 Oct;14(5):840-5. doi: 10.3758/bf03194109.
Individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) have been implicated in a variety of top-down, attention-control tasks: Higher WMC subjects better ignore irrelevant distractions and withhold habitual responses than do lower WMC subjects. Kane, Poole, Tuholski, and Engle (2006) recently attempted to extend these findings to visual search, but found no relation between WMC and search efficiency, even in difficult tasks yielding steep search slopes. Here we used a visual search task that isolated the contributions of top-down versus bottom-up mechanisms, and induced a habitual response via expectation. Searches that relied primarily on bottom-up mechanisms did not vary with WMC, but searches that relied primarily on top-down mechanisms showed an advantage for higher over lower WMC subjects.
工作记忆容量（WMC）的个体差异与各种自上而下的注意力控制任务有关：与低WMC受试者相比，高WMC受试者能更好地忽略无关干扰并抑制习惯性反应。凯恩、普尔、图霍尔斯基和恩格尔（2006年）最近试图将这些发现扩展到视觉搜索，但发现WMC与搜索效率之间没有关系，即使在产生陡峭搜索斜率的困难任务中也是如此。在这里，我们使用了一种视觉搜索任务，该任务分离了自上而下和自下而上机制的作用，并通过预期诱导出一种习惯性反应。主要依赖自下而上机制的搜索与WMC无关，但主要依赖自上而下机制的搜索显示出高WMC受试者比低WMC受试者具有优势。
