Lehmann Fritz-Olaf
BioFuture Research Group, Department of Neurobiology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Arthropod Struct Dev. 2004 Jul;33(3):331-45. doi: 10.1016/j.asd.2004.05.003.
Flight in flies results from a feedback cascade in which the animal converts mechanical power produced by the flight musculature into aerodynamic forces. A major goal of flight research is to understand the functional significance of the various components in this cascade ranging from the generation of the neural code, the control of muscle mechanical power output, wing kinematics and unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms. Here, I attempted to draw a broad outline on fluid dynamic mechanisms found in flapping insect wings such as leading edge vorticity, rotational circulation and wake capture momentum transfer, as well as on the constraints of flight force control by the neuromuscular system of the fruit fly Drosophila. This system-level perspective on muscle control and aerodynamic mechanisms is thought to be a fundamental bridge in any attempt to link the function and performance of the various flight components with their particular role for wing motion and aerodynamic control in the behaving animal. Eventually, this research might facilitate the development of man-made biomimetic autonomous micro air vehicles using flapping wing motion for propulsion that are currently under construction by engineers.
苍蝇的飞行源于一种反馈级联，在此过程中，动物将飞行肌肉组织产生的机械能转化为气动力。飞行研究的一个主要目标是了解这一级联中各个组成部分的功能意义，范围涵盖神经编码的产生、肌肉机械能输出的控制、翅膀运动学以及非定常空气动力学机制。在此，我试图勾勒出在昆虫拍动翅膀中发现的流体动力学机制的大致轮廓，如前缘涡、旋转环流和尾流捕获动量传递，以及果蝇神经肌肉系统对飞行动力控制的限制。这种关于肌肉控制和空气动力学机制的系统层面观点，被认为是将各种飞行组件的功能和性能与其在行为动物的翅膀运动和空气动力学控制中的特定作用联系起来的任何尝试中的一座基本桥梁。最终，这项研究可能会促进目前工程师正在研制的、利用拍动翅膀运动进行推进的人造仿生自主微型飞行器的发展。
