Halliwell Emma, Dittmar Helga, Orsborn Amber
Centre for Appearance Research, School of Psychology, University of the West of England, Frenchay, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 9QY, UK.
Body Image. 2007 Sep;4(3):278-87. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.04.006. Epub 2007 Jun 26.
This study examines the effects of exposure to the muscular male body ideal on body-focused negative affect among male gym users and non-exercisers. As hypothesized, the impact of media exposure depended on men's exercise status. Non-exercisers (n = 58) reported greater body-focused negative affect after exposure to images of muscular male models than after neutral images (no model controls), whereas gym users (n = 58) showed a tendency for less body-focused negative affect after the model images than after the control images. Furthermore, the extent to which gym users were motivated to increase strength and muscularity moderated these exposure effects; men who reported stronger strength and muscularity exercise motivation reported a greater degree of self-enhancement after exposure to the muscular ideal. The findings are interpreted with respect to likely differences in motives for social comparisons.
本研究考察了接触肌肉发达的男性身体理想形象对男性健身房使用者和非锻炼者身体聚焦的负面影响的作用。正如所假设的那样，媒体曝光的影响取决于男性的锻炼状态。非锻炼者（n = 58）在接触肌肉发达的男性模特图片后报告的身体聚焦负面影响比接触中性图片（无模特对照）后更大，而健身房使用者（n = 58）在接触模特图片后身体聚焦负面影响有比接触对照图片后更小的趋势。此外，健身房使用者增强力量和肌肉发达程度的动机强度调节了这些曝光效应；报告有更强的力量和肌肉锻炼动机的男性在接触肌肉理想形象后报告了更大程度的自我提升。这些发现根据社会比较动机可能存在的差异进行了解释。
