Labossiere Reginald, Bernard Marie A
Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008 Jan;11(1):1-6. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3282f323e0.
The aim of this article is to emphasize the importance of malnutrition in frail institutionalized elderly and discuss recent interventions that have been shown to decrease its prevalence.
A Medline search was conducted from 1968 to 2007 under the search terms aging, nutrition, and nursing homes. The most current reviews relevant to the care of institutionalized elders were selected for inclusion in this report. Recent reports have shown that application of screening protocols in long-tem care institutions improved nutritional status. A complete physical assessment, with special attention to the oral cavity, should be conducted. Monitoring of weight and intake should be part of the institutional routine, recognizing that there may be differences between prescribed diet and actual intake. Nutritional interventions should be tried as early as possible, including enhancement of environment and increasing staff to assist with feeding, as malnutrition in this population is associated with falls (particularly with deficient vitamin D) and increased morbidity and mortality. To optimally facilitate nutritional care of nursing home patients reforms are needed to facilitate optimal staffing in the institutional setting.
It is important to educate healthcare workers in the nursing home about simple interventions that could improve nutritional status.
本文旨在强调营养不良在体弱的机构养老老年人中的重要性，并讨论最近已证明可降低其患病率的干预措施。
在1968年至2007年期间，使用“衰老”“营养”和“养老院”等检索词在Medline数据库中进行了检索。选择了与机构养老老年人护理相关的最新综述纳入本报告。最近的报告表明，在长期护理机构中应用筛查方案可改善营养状况。应进行全面的身体评估，尤其要关注口腔。体重和摄入量监测应成为机构日常工作的一部分，要认识到规定饮食和实际摄入量之间可能存在差异。应尽早尝试营养干预措施，包括改善环境和增加工作人员以协助喂食，因为该人群中的营养不良与跌倒（特别是维生素D缺乏时）以及发病率和死亡率增加有关。为了最佳地促进养老院患者的营养护理，需要进行改革以促进机构环境中的最佳人员配备。
对养老院的医护人员进行有关可改善营养状况的简单干预措施的教育很重要。
