Volkert D
Institut für Biomedizin des Alterns, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Heimerichstr. 58, 90419, Nürnberg, Deutschland.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2011 Apr;44(2):91-6, 99. doi: 10.1007/s00391-011-0174-5.
Nutritional problems and deficiencies are widespread in geriatric institutions. On the other hand, benefits of different interventions to improve the nutritional situation of elderly people--from amelioration of mealtime ambience to the use of artificial nutrition--have been shown in many studies. In recent years, several guidelines and standards have been developed to facilitate the transfer of this scientific knowledge into practice. These are in particular the medical Guidelines for Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition in Geriatrics (DGEM/DGG and ESPEN), the DNQP Expert Standard for qualified nurses, the DGE Quality Standards for dietetic personnel, and the interdisciplinary BUKO-QS Standard. These guidelines and standards provide recommendations for adequate nutritional care and assistance for the institutionalized elderly person based on the scientific state of the art. They should be used as the basis for the development of local instructions for the management of nutritional problems and malnutrition. Elderly people will only profit, if these guidelines are used in daily routine.
营养问题和营养缺乏在老年护理机构中普遍存在。另一方面，许多研究表明，不同的干预措施——从改善用餐环境到使用人工营养——对改善老年人的营养状况都有好处。近年来，已经制定了若干指南和标准，以促进将这一科学知识转化为实践。其中特别包括老年医学肠内和肠外营养医学指南（德国老年医学和老年病学学会/德国老年医学学会以及欧洲临床营养和代谢学会）、合格护士的DNQP专家标准、饮食从业人员的德国老年医学学会质量标准以及跨学科的BUKO-QS标准。这些指南和标准根据当前科学水平，为机构养老的老年人提供了适当营养护理和援助的建议。它们应用作制定营养问题和营养不良管理地方指南的基础。只有在日常工作中使用这些指南，老年人才能从中受益。
