McCusker Meagen M, Durrani Khayyam, Payette Michael J, Suchecki Jeanine
Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT.
Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT.
Clin Dermatol. 2016 Mar-Apr;34(2):276-85. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.11.009. Epub 2015 Nov 22.
Visual impairment is a global epidemic. In developing countries, nutritional deficiency and cataracts continue to be the leading cause of blindness, whereas age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts are the leading causes in developed nations. The World Health Organization has instituted VISION 2020: "The Right to Sight" as a global mission to put an end to worldwide blindness. In industrialized societies, patients, physicians, researchers, nutritionists, and biochemists have been looking toward vitamins and nutrients to prevent AMD, cataracts, and dry eye syndrome (DES). Nutrients from the AREDS2 study (lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, copper, eicosapentanoic acid [EPA], and docosahexanoic acid [DHA]) set forth by the National Institutes of Health remain the most proven nutritional therapy for reducing the rate of advanced AMD. Omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA, have been found to improve DES in randomized clinical trials. Conflicting results have been seen with regard to multivitamin supplementation on the prevention of cataract.
视力障碍是一种全球性的流行病。在发展中国家，营养缺乏和白内障仍然是失明的主要原因，而在发达国家，年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）和白内障是主要原因。世界卫生组织发起了“视觉2020：享有看见的权利”这一全球使命，以终结全球失明问题。在工业化社会中，患者、医生、研究人员、营养学家和生物化学家一直在期待通过维生素和营养物质来预防AMD、白内障和干眼症（DES）。美国国立卫生研究院开展的年龄相关性眼病研究2（AREDS2）（叶黄素、玉米黄质、维生素C、维生素E、锌、铜、二十碳五烯酸[EPA]和二十二碳六烯酸[DHA]）中的营养物质仍然是降低晚期AMD发病率最经证实的营养疗法。在随机临床试验中，已发现ω-3脂肪酸，尤其是DHA，可改善干眼症。在预防白内障方面，多种维生素补充剂的效果存在相互矛盾的结果。
