中国饮用含六价铬水人群的癌症死亡率

Cancer mortality in a Chinese population exposed to hexavalent chromium in drinking water.

作者信息

Beaumont James J, Sedman Richard M, Reynolds Stephen D, Sherman Claire D, Li Ling-Hong, Howd Robert A, Sandy Martha S, Zeise Lauren, Alexeeff George V

机构信息

California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Sacramento and Oakland, California 95812-4010, USA.

出版信息

Epidemiology. 2008 Jan;19(1):12-23. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31815cea4c.

DOI:10.1097/EDE.0b013e31815cea4c

PMID:18091413

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In 1987, investigators in Liaoning Province, China, reported that mortality rates for all cancer, stomach cancer, and lung cancer in 1970-1978 were higher in villages with hexavalent chromium (Cr+6)-contaminated drinking water than in the general population. The investigators reported rates, but did not report statistical measures of association or precision.

METHODS

Using reports and other communications from investigators at the local Jinzhou Health and Anti-Epidemic Station, we obtained data on Cr+6 contamination of groundwater and cancer mortality in 9 study regions near a ferrochromium factory. We estimated: (1) person-years at risk in the study regions, based on census and population growth rate data, (2) mortality counts, based on estimated person-years at risk and previously reported mortality rates, and (3) rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS

The all-cancer mortality rate in the combined 5 study regions with Cr+6-contaminated water was negligibly elevated in comparison with the rate in the 4 combined study regions without contaminated water (rate ratio = 1.13; 95% confidence interval = 0.86-1.46), but was somewhat more elevated in comparison with the whole province (1.23; 0.97-1.53). Stomach cancer mortality in the regions with contaminated water was more substantially elevated in comparison with the regions without contaminated water (1.82; 1.11-2.91) and the whole province (1.69; 1.12-2.44). Lung cancer mortality was slightly elevated in comparison with the unexposed study regions (1.15; 0.62-2.07), and more strongly elevated in comparison with the whole province (1.78; 1.03-2.87). Mortality from other cancers combined was not elevated in comparison with either the unexposed study regions (0.86; 0.53-1.36) or the whole province (0.92; 0.58-1.38).

CONCLUSIONS

While these data are limited, they are consistent with increased stomach cancer risk in a population exposed to Crz=6 in drinking water.

摘要

背景

1987年，中国辽宁省的研究人员报告称，1970 - 1978年期间，饮用六价铬（Cr+6）污染水的村庄中，所有癌症、胃癌和肺癌的死亡率高于普通人群。研究人员报告了死亡率，但未报告关联的统计指标或精确性。

方法

利用当地锦州卫生防疫站研究人员的报告及其他通讯资料，我们获取了一座铬铁工厂附近9个研究区域的地下水Cr+6污染及癌症死亡率数据。我们估计：（1）根据人口普查和人口增长率数据计算研究区域的风险人年数；（2）根据估计的风险人年数和先前报告的死亡率计算死亡人数；（3）计算率比和95%置信区间。

结果

与4个未受污染水的联合研究区域相比，5个受Cr+6污染水的联合研究区域的所有癌症死亡率略有升高（率比 = 1.13；95%置信区间 = 0.86 - 1.46），但与全省相比升高幅度稍大（1.23；0.97 - 1.53）。受污染水区域的胃癌死亡率与未受污染水区域相比升高幅度更大（1.82；1.11 - 2.91），与全省相比（1.69；1.12 - 2.44）也是如此。与未暴露的研究区域相比，肺癌死亡率略有升高（1.15；0.62 - 2.07），与全省相比升高幅度更大（1.78；1.03 - 2.87）。与未暴露的研究区域（0.86；0.53 - 1.36）或全省（0.92；0.58 - 1.38）相比，其他癌症合并死亡率均未升高。