Kuhn Hartmut, Chaitidis Pavlos, Roffeis Jana, Walther Matthias
Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin - Charité, Berlin, Germany.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2007 Dec;50(6):609-20. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0b013e318159f177.
Vascular remodeling refers to lasting structural alterations in the vessel wall that are initiated in response to external and internal stimuli. These changes are distinct from acute functional responses of blood vessels when challenged by increased blood pressure, altered hemodynamics, or vasoactive mediators. In early atherogenesis, when lesion formation is starting to impact local hemodynamics, the vessel wall responds with outward vascular remodeling to maintain normal blood flow. However, inward remodeling may also occur during the time course of plaque formation, contributing to vascular stenosis. Lipoxygenases form a heterogeneous family of lipid-peroxidizing enzymes, which have been implicated in atherogenesis. Several lines of in vitro and in vivo evidence indicated their involvement in disease development, but the precise function of different lipoxygenase isoforms is still a matter of discussion. Vascular remodeling is an early response during plaque development; therefore, lipoxygenases may be involved in this process. Unfortunately, little is known about the potential role of lipoxygenase isoforms in vascular remodeling. This review will briefly summarize our knowledge of the role of lipoxygenases in vascular biology and will critically review the activities of the 3 most athero-relevant lipoxygenase isoforms in atherogenesis, with particular emphasis on vascular remodeling.
血管重塑是指血管壁发生的持久性结构改变，这种改变是由外部和内部刺激引发的。这些变化不同于血管在受到血压升高、血流动力学改变或血管活性介质刺激时的急性功能反应。在早期动脉粥样硬化形成过程中，当病变形成开始影响局部血流动力学时，血管壁会通过向外的血管重塑做出反应，以维持正常的血流。然而，在斑块形成过程中也可能发生向内的重塑，导致血管狭窄。脂氧合酶构成了一个脂质过氧化酶的异质家族，它们与动脉粥样硬化的发生有关。多条体外和体内证据表明它们参与了疾病发展，但不同脂氧合酶同工型的确切功能仍存在争议。血管重塑是斑块发展过程中的早期反应；因此，脂氧合酶可能参与了这一过程。不幸的是，关于脂氧合酶同工型在血管重塑中的潜在作用知之甚少。本综述将简要总结我们对脂氧合酶在血管生物学中作用的认识，并将批判性地回顾3种与动脉粥样硬化最相关的脂氧合酶同工型在动脉粥样硬化发生中的活性，特别强调血管重塑。
