Pronin Emily, Olivola Christopher Y, Kennedy Kathleen A
Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2008 Feb;34(2):224-36. doi: 10.1177/0146167207310023. Epub 2007 Dec 21.
Four experiments showed that the decisions people make for future selves and other people are similar to each other and different from their decisions for present selves. Experiments involved decisions to drink a disgusting liquid for scientific purposes (Experiment 1), tutor peers during exam week (Experiment 2), receive e-mails for charity (Experiment 3), and defer a lottery prize for a larger one (Experiment 4). These findings seemed to be at least partially rooted in the tendency for decisions regarding the ongoing, present self to be uniquely influenced by internal subjective experience. Specifically, these effects emerged for real, but not hypothetical, decisions. Also, they were mitigated by manipulations that altered participants' attention to present or future subjective experience. In addition, when participants' subjective experience primarily involved empathy for others (Experiment 3), their decisions on behalf of present selves were more generous than their decisions for future selves and others. Applications are discussed.
四项实验表明，人们为未来的自己和他人所做的决定彼此相似，且与他们为当下的自己所做的决定不同。实验涉及为科学目的而饮用恶心液体的决定（实验1）、考试周辅导同伴的决定（实验2）、接收慈善电子邮件的决定（实验3）以及推迟彩票奖金以获取更大奖金的决定（实验4）。这些发现似乎至少部分源于对当下自我的决定受内部主观体验独特影响的倾向。具体而言，这些效应出现在真实而非假设的决定中。此外，通过改变参与者对当下或未来主观体验的关注的操纵，这些效应得到了缓解。此外，当参与者的主观体验主要涉及对他人的同理心时（实验3），他们代表当下自我做出的决定比为未来的自己和他人做出的决定更慷慨。文中讨论了相关应用。
