Ramos Jairo, Grant Marrissa D, Dickert Stephan, Eom Kimin, Flores Alex, Jiga-Boy Gabriela M, Kogut Tehila, Mayorga Marcus, Pedersen Eric J, Pereira Beatriz, Rubaltelli Enrico, Sherman David K, Slovic Paul, Västfjäll Daniel, Van Boven Leaf
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4N, UK.
PNAS Nexus. 2022 Oct 3;1(5):pgac218. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac218. eCollection 2022 Nov.
People believe they should consider how their behavior might negatively impact other people, Yet their behavior often increases others' health risks. This creates challenges for managing public health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined a procedure wherein people reflect on their personal criteria regarding how their behavior impacts others' health risks. We expected structured reflection to increase people's intentions and decisions to reduce others' health risks. Structured reflection increases attention to others' health risks and the correspondence between people's personal criteria and behavioral intentions. In four experiments during COVID-19, people ( = 12,995) reported their personal criteria about how much specific attributes, including the impact on others' health risks, should influence their behavior. Compared with control conditions, people who engaged in structured reflection reported greater intentions to reduce business capacity (experiment 1) and avoid large social gatherings (experiments 2 and 3). They also donated more to provide vaccines to refugees (experiment 4). These effects emerged across seven countries that varied in collectivism and COVID-19 case rates (experiments 1 and 2). Structured reflection was distinct from instructions to carefully deliberate (experiment 3). Structured reflection increased the correlation between personal criteria and behavioral intentions (experiments 1 and 3). And structured reflection increased donations more among people who scored lower in cognitive reflection compared with those who scored higher in cognitive reflection (experiment 4). These findings suggest that structured reflection can effectively increase behaviors to reduce public health risks.
人们认为他们应该考虑自己的行为可能会如何对他人产生负面影响，但他们的行为往往会增加他人的健康风险。这给管理像新冠疫情这样的公共卫生危机带来了挑战。我们研究了一种程序，即人们反思自己关于自身行为如何影响他人健康风险的个人标准。我们期望结构化反思能增强人们降低他人健康风险的意图和决定。结构化反思会增加对他人健康风险的关注，以及人们个人标准与行为意图之间的一致性。在新冠疫情期间的四项实验中，12995名参与者报告了他们对于包括对他人健康风险的影响在内的特定属性应在多大程度上影响其行为的个人标准。与对照条件相比，进行结构化反思的人报告称有更大的意图来降低经营能力（实验1）以及避免大型社交聚会（实验2和3）。他们还为为难民提供疫苗捐赠了更多（实验4）。这些效应在七个集体主义程度和新冠病例率各不相同的国家中都出现了（实验1和2）。结构化反思与仔细思考的指示不同（实验3）。结构化反思增加了个人标准与行为意图之间的相关性（实验1和3）。并且与认知反思得分较高的人相比，结构化反思在认知反思得分较低的人中增加捐赠的幅度更大（实验4）。这些发现表明，结构化反思可以有效地增加降低公共卫生风险的行为。
