Caidi Hayat, Abernathy Emily S, Benjouad Aziz, Smit Sheilagh, Bwogi Josephine, Nanyunja Miriam, El Aouad Rajae, Icenogle Joseph
National Institute of Hygiene, Morocco.
J Clin Virol. 2008 May;42(1):86-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.11.013. Epub 2008 Mar 4.
Rubella virus (RV) causes a mild disease, but maternal infection early in pregnancy often leads to birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Rubella remains poorly controlled in Africa.
To identify RV genotypes found in Africa to help establish a genetic baseline for RV molecular epidemiology.
Urine and nasopharyngeal specimens were collected between 2001 and 2004 during measles surveillance in Morocco, Uganda and South Africa, and from two persons in the United States who contracted rubella in Cote d'Ivoire and Uganda in 2004 and 2007, respectively. RV RNA was obtained directly from specimens or from RV-infected cell cultures, amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and the resulting DNAs sequenced. Sequences were assigned to genotypes by phylogenetic analysis with RV reference sequences.
Nine RV sequences were assigned as follows: 1E in Morocco, 1G in Uganda and Cote d'Ivoire, and 2B in South Africa.
Information about RV genotypes circulating in Africa is improved which should aid in control of rubella and CRS in Africa.
风疹病毒（RV）引起的疾病症状较轻，但孕期早期的母体感染通常会导致称为先天性风疹综合征（CRS）的出生缺陷。风疹在非洲仍未得到有效控制。
鉴定在非洲发现的风疹病毒基因型，以帮助建立风疹病毒分子流行病学的遗传基线。
2001年至2004年期间，在摩洛哥、乌干达和南非的麻疹监测过程中收集了尿液和鼻咽标本，以及分别于2004年和2007年在科特迪瓦和乌干达感染风疹的两名美国患者的标本。风疹病毒RNA直接从标本或风疹病毒感染的细胞培养物中获得，通过逆转录聚合酶链反应进行扩增，并对所得DNA进行测序。通过与风疹病毒参考序列进行系统发育分析，将序列分配到基因型。
九个风疹病毒序列的分配如下：摩洛哥为1E型，乌干达和科特迪瓦为1G型，南非为2B型。
关于非洲流行的风疹病毒基因型的信息得到了完善，这将有助于非洲风疹和先天性风疹综合征的防控。
