INSERM U764, Université Paris-Sud, AP-HP, Microbiology Department, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France.
J Clin Microbiol. 2010 Jul;48(7):2530-5. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00181-10. Epub 2010 May 12.
Rubella is an acute infectious disease that normally has a mild clinical course. However, infections during pregnancy, especially before week 12 of gestation (WG), can cause severe birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The aim of this study was to perform genotyping and molecular characterization of rubella viruses involved in congenital infections in France over the past 15 years (1995 to 2009). Amniotic fluid (AF) specimens (n = 80) from pregnant women with congenital rubella infections (CRI) before week 20 of gestation, and a few other samples available from children/newborns with CRS (n = 26), were analyzed. The coding region of the rubella virus E1 gene was amplified directly from clinical specimens by reverse transcriptase PCR, and the resulting DNA fragments were sequenced. Sequences were assigned to genotypes by phylogenetic analysis with rubella virus reference sequences. Sufficient E1 gene sequences were obtained from 56 cases. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences showed that at least five different genotypes (1E, 1G, 1B, 2B, and 1h) were present in France and were involved in congenital infections, with a strong predominance of genotype 1E (87%). This is one of the very few comprehensive studies of rubella viruses involved in CRI. The results indicated that over the past 15 years, multiple introductions of the dominant genotype E caused most of the CRI cases in France. A few sporadic cases were due to other genotypes (1B, 1G, 1h, 2B).
风疹是一种急性传染病，通常具有轻度临床病程。然而，妊娠期间的感染，特别是在妊娠 12 周之前（WG），可能导致称为先天性风疹综合征（CRS）的严重出生缺陷。本研究的目的是对过去 15 年（1995 年至 2009 年）法国先天性感染中涉及的风疹病毒进行基因分型和分子特征分析。对妊娠 20 周前先天性风疹感染（CRI）孕妇的羊水（AF）标本（n=80）和少数其他患有 CRS 的儿童/新生儿（n=26）的样本进行了分析。通过逆转录 PCR 直接从临床标本中扩增风疹病毒 E1 基因的编码区，并对所得 DNA 片段进行测序。通过与风疹病毒参考序列的系统发育分析将序列分配给基因型。从 56 例中获得了足够的 E1 基因序列。序列的系统发育分析表明，至少有五种不同的基因型（1E、1G、1B、2B 和 1h）存在于法国，并参与了先天性感染，其中基因型 1E 占主导地位（87％）。这是对涉及 CRI 的风疹病毒进行的为数不多的综合研究之一。结果表明，在过去的 15 年中，优势基因型 E 的多次传入导致了法国大部分 CRI 病例。少数散发性病例是由其他基因型（1B、1G、1h、2B）引起的。
