Parisien A, Allain B, Zhang J, Mandeville R, Lan C Q
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
J Appl Microbiol. 2008 Jan;104(1):1-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03498.x.
Extensive research has been conducted on the development of three groups of naturally occurring antimicrobials as novel alternatives to antibiotics: bacteriophages (phages), bacterial cell wall hydrolases (BCWH), and antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Phage therapies are highly efficient, highly specific, and relatively cost-effective. However, precautions have to be taken in the selection of phage candidates for therapeutic applications as some phages may encode toxins and others may, when integrated into host bacterial genome and converted to prophages in a lysogenic cycle, lead to bacterial immunity and altered virulence. BCWH are divided into three groups: lysozymes, autolysins, and virolysins. Among them, virolysins are the most promising candidates as they are highly specific and have the capability to rapidly lyse antibiotic-resistant bacteria on a generally species-specific basis. Finally, AMP are a family of natural proteins produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms or encoded by phages. AMP are of vast diversity in term of size, structure, mode of action, and specificity and have a high potential for clinical therapeutic applications.
针对三类天然存在的抗菌剂作为抗生素的新型替代品的开发，已经开展了广泛研究：噬菌体、细菌细胞壁水解酶（BCWH）和抗菌肽（AMP）。噬菌体疗法高效、高度特异性且相对具有成本效益。然而，在选择用于治疗应用的噬菌体候选物时必须谨慎，因为一些噬菌体可能编码毒素，而其他噬菌体在溶原周期中整合到宿主细菌基因组并转化为原噬菌体时，可能导致细菌免疫和毒力改变。BCWH分为三类：溶菌酶、自溶素和病毒溶素。其中，病毒溶素是最有前景的候选物，因为它们高度特异性，并且能够在一般物种特异性基础上快速裂解抗生素耐药细菌。最后，AMP是由真核生物和原核生物产生或由噬菌体编码的一类天然蛋白质。AMP在大小、结构、作用方式和特异性方面具有巨大的多样性，并且在临床治疗应用方面具有很高的潜力。
