Patz Jonathan, Campbell-Lendrum Diarmid, Gibbs Holly, Woodruff Rosalie
Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies & Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 2008;29:27-39. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090750.
Climate change is projected to have adverse impacts on public health. Cobenefits may be possible from more upstream mitigation of greenhouse gases causing climate change. To help measure such cobenefits alongside averted disease-specific risks, a health impact assessment (HIA) framework can more comprehensively serve as a decision support tool. HIA also considers health equity, clearly part of the climate change problem. New choices for energy must be made carefully considering such effects as additional pressure on the world's forests through large-scale expansion of soybean and oil palm plantations, leading to forest clearing, biodiversity loss and disease emergence, expulsion of subsistence farmers, and potential increases in food prices and emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Investigators must consider the full range of policy options, supported by more comprehensive, flexible, and transparent assessment methods.
预计气候变化将对公众健康产生不利影响。对造成气候变化的温室气体进行更多上游减排可能会带来协同效益。为了在避免特定疾病风险的同时衡量此类协同效益，健康影响评估（HIA）框架可以更全面地作为一种决策支持工具。HIA还考虑了健康公平性，这显然是气候变化问题的一部分。必须谨慎做出新的能源选择，要考虑到诸如大豆和油棕种植园大规模扩张给世界森林带来的额外压力等影响，这会导致森林砍伐、生物多样性丧失和疾病出现、自给农民被驱逐，以及食品价格和向大气排放二氧化碳量可能增加等问题。研究人员必须考虑到一系列政策选项，并采用更全面、灵活和透明的评估方法。
