Koch M, Rehbein S, Schmahl G, Reisinger T, Bracco G, Ernst W E, Holst B
Graz University of Technology, Institute of Experimental Physics, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria.
J Microsc. 2008 Jan;229(Pt 1):1-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01874.x.
Matter-wave microscopy can be dated back to 1932 when Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska published the first image obtained with a beam of focussed electrons. In this paper a new step in the development of matter-wave microscopy is presented. We have created an instrument where a focussed beam of neutral, ground-state atoms (helium) is used to image a sample. We present the first 2D images obtained using this new technique. The imaged sample is a free-standing hexagonal copper grating (with a period of about 36 microm and rod thickness of about 8 microm). The images were obtained in transmission mode by scanning the focussed beam, which had a minimum spot size of about 2.0 microm in diameter (full width at half maximum) across the sample. The smallest focus achieved was 1.9 +/- 0.1 microm. The resolution for this experiment was limited by the speed ratio of the atomic beam through the chromatic aberrations of the zone plate that was used to focus. Ultimately the theoretical resolution limit is set by the wavelength of the probing particle. In praxis, the resolution is limited by the source and the focussing optics.
物质波显微镜可追溯到1932年，当时马克斯·克诺尔和恩斯特·鲁斯卡发表了第一张用聚焦电子束获得的图像。本文介绍了物质波显微镜发展中的一个新进展。我们制造了一种仪器，其中使用聚焦的中性基态原子束（氦）对样品进行成像。我们展示了使用这项新技术获得的首批二维图像。成像的样品是一个独立的六边形铜光栅（周期约为36微米，棒厚度约为8微米）。通过扫描聚焦束在透射模式下获得图像，聚焦束在样品上的最小光斑尺寸直径约为2.0微米（半高宽）。实现的最小焦点为1.9±0.1微米。该实验的分辨率受原子束的速度比以及用于聚焦的波带片的色差限制。最终，理论分辨率极限由探测粒子的波长决定。实际上，分辨率受光源和聚焦光学器件的限制。
