Kutzbach Beth, Summers C Gail, Holleschau Ann M, King Richard A, MacDonald John T
Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
J Child Neurol. 2007 Dec;22(12):1342-7. doi: 10.1177/0883073807307078.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common diagnosis in children and adults. Human albinism is an uncommon genetic condition associated with visual impairment that may affect behavior. To determine if there is a relationship between albinism and ADHD, the prevalence of ADHD was examined among 78 children (age range, 4-18 years) and among 44 adults (age range, 19-79 years) with ocular or oculocutaneous albinism. ADHD was diagnosed in the pediatric population using a combination of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) criteria, Conners' Parent Rating Scale, and physician observation. Adults were diagnosed using the Utah criteria for ADHD as confirmed by physician history and interview. Seventeen children (22.7% [17 of 75]) (3 children with existing diagnoses of pervasive developmental disorder were identified but were not included in the data analysis) and 3 adults (6.8%) met the criteria for ADHD. The combined hyperactivity and impulsivity subtype of ADHD was most common, accounting for 50% of the diagnoses. Binocular best-corrected visual acuity and genetic type of albinism were not found to correlate with a diagnosis of ADHD. The prevalence of ADHD among children and adults with albinism is more frequent than that reported among the general population and is not related to binocular best-corrected visual acuity.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在儿童和成人中都是一种常见的诊断病症。人类白化病是一种与视力损害相关的罕见遗传病，可能会影响行为。为了确定白化病与ADHD之间是否存在关联，研究人员对78名患有眼部或眼皮肤白化病的儿童（年龄范围4 - 18岁）和44名成人（年龄范围19 - 79岁）的ADHD患病率进行了检查。儿科人群中的ADHD诊断采用了《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（第四版）标准、康纳斯父母评定量表以及医生观察相结合的方法。成人ADHD的诊断采用犹他州ADHD标准，并经医生病史询问和面谈确认。17名儿童（22.7%[75名中的17名]）（有3名已确诊为广泛性发育障碍的儿童被识别出，但未纳入数据分析）和3名成人（6.8%）符合ADHD标准。ADHD中多动与冲动合并亚型最为常见，占诊断病例的50%。未发现白化病患者的双眼最佳矫正视力和白化病遗传类型与ADHD诊断相关。白化病儿童和成人中ADHD的患病率高于一般人群报告的患病率，且与双眼最佳矫正视力无关。
