美国工人群体血清可替宁水平的下降趋势：政策的影响力
Declining trends in serum cotinine levels in US worker groups: the power of policy.
作者信息
Arheart Kristopher L, Lee David J, Dietz Noella A, Wilkinson James D, Clark John D, LeBlanc William G, Serdar Berrin, Fleming Lora E
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
出版信息
J Occup Environ Med. 2008 Jan;50(1):57-63. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318158a486.
OBJECTIVE
To explore trends in cotinine levels in US worker groups.
METHODS
Using NHANES III data, serum cotinine levels of US workers not smokers nor exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home were evaluated for trends by occupational/industrial and race/ethnicity-gender sub-groups.
RESULTS
Decreases from 1988 to 2002 ranged from 0.08 to 0.30 ng/mL (67% to 85% relative decrease), with largest absolute reductions in: blue-collar and service occupations; construction/manufacturing industrial sectors; non-Hispanic Black male workers.
CONCLUSIONS
All worker groups had declining serum cotinine levels. Most dramatic reductions occurred in sub-groups with the highest before cotinine levels, thus disparities in SHS workforce exposure are diminishing with increased adoption of clean indoor laws. However, Black male workers, construction/manufacturing sector workers, and blue-collar and service workers have the highest cotinine levels. Further reductions in SHS exposure will require widespread adoption of workplace clean air laws without exemptions.
目的
探讨美国工人群体中可替宁水平的趋势。
方法
利用美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）III的数据，按职业/行业以及种族/族裔-性别亚组，评估在家既不吸烟也未接触二手烟（SHS）的美国工人的血清可替宁水平趋势。
结果
1988年至2002年期间可替宁水平下降幅度为0.08至0.30纳克/毫升（相对降幅为67%至85%），绝对降幅最大的是：蓝领和服务行业职业；建筑/制造业工业部门；非西班牙裔黑人男性工人。
结论
所有工人群体的血清可替宁水平均呈下降趋势。在之前可替宁水平最高的亚组中降幅最为显著，因此随着清洁室内空气法律的广泛采用，二手烟对劳动力的暴露差异正在缩小。然而，黑人男性工人、建筑/制造业部门工人以及蓝领和服务行业工人的可替宁水平最高。要进一步减少二手烟暴露，需要广泛采用无豁免的工作场所清洁空气法律。
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