Solberg Katherine M, Hanley Gregory P, Layer Stacy A, Ingvarsson Einar T
University of Kansas, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 2007 Winter;40(4):633-44. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2007.633-644.
The effects of reinforcement pairing and fading on preschoolers' snack selections were evaluated in a multiple baseline design. Baseline preferences for snack options were assessed via repeated paired-item preference assessments. Edible, social, and activity-based reinforcers were then exclusively paired with a less preferred snack option. Once the snack paired with reinforcement was selected most frequently, the three types of reinforcement were systematically faded. Frequent selections of the previously less preferred snack option were produced with paired reinforcement, but were disrupted for all children as the paired reinforcement was reduced to low levels. These data showed that paired reinforcement was initially effective in increasing preference for the originally less preferred snack options, but more permanent changes in the value of the snack options were not achieved. Conditions for producing persistent changes in children's snack choices are discussed.
在多重基线设计中评估了强化配对和消退对学龄前儿童零食选择的影响。通过重复的配对项目偏好评估来评估对零食选项的基线偏好。然后将可食用的、社交性的和基于活动的强化物专门与较不喜欢的零食选项配对。一旦与强化物配对的零食被最频繁地选择，就系统地消退这三种强化物。配对强化产生了对先前较不喜欢的零食选项的频繁选择，但随着配对强化减少到低水平，所有儿童的这种选择都受到了干扰。这些数据表明，配对强化最初有效地增加了对原本较不喜欢的零食选项的偏好，但并未实现零食选项价值的更持久变化。讨论了产生儿童零食选择持续变化的条件。
