Adair Linda S
Department of Nutrition, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
Physiol Behav. 2008 Apr 22;94(1):8-16. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.016. Epub 2007 Nov 22.
From infancy through adolescence, more and more children are becoming overweight. National prevalence data show that more than 17% of youth have a body mass index (BMI) above the 95th percentile of the US age and sex-specific reference. Particularly alarming are rates in children as young as 2 years of age, and among minority children. Periods of heightened vulnerability to weight gain have been identified, and research supports the notion that obesity has its origins in early life. This paper focuses on susceptibility to increased adiposity during the prenatal period, infancy, mid-childhood and adolescence, and how factors operating in each of these periods influence risk of becoming overweight. Prenatal exposure to over or undernutrition, rapid growth in early infancy, an early adiposity rebound in childhood, and early pubertal development have all been implicated in the development of obesity. The persistence of obesity from young ages emphasizes the importance of understanding growth trajectories, and of developing prevention strategies to overcome strong influences of obesigenic environments at young ages.
从婴儿期到青春期，越来越多的儿童超重。全国患病率数据显示，超过17%的青少年体重指数（BMI）高于美国按年龄和性别划分的特定参考值的第95百分位。特别令人担忧的是两岁幼儿以及少数族裔儿童中的肥胖率。人们已经确定了体重增加易感性较高的时期，并且研究支持肥胖起源于生命早期这一观点。本文重点关注产前、婴儿期、童年中期和青春期肥胖增加的易感性，以及在这些时期起作用的因素如何影响超重风险。产前暴露于营养过剩或不足、婴儿早期的快速生长、儿童期早期的肥胖反弹以及青春期提前发育都与肥胖的发生有关。年轻时肥胖的持续存在凸显了了解生长轨迹以及制定预防策略以克服年轻时致肥胖环境的强大影响的重要性。
