Weaver Robert J, Audsley Neil
Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK.
Peptides. 2008 Feb;29(2):168-78. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.09.020. Epub 2007 Dec 5.
Four neuropeptides were identified from the brain and corpora cardiaca-corpora allata (CC-CA) of the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and information derived from the genome of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Leucomyosuppressin (a FLRFamide), previously associated with cockroaches, but also subsequently identified from honey bee seen as a prominent peptide in both brain and CC-CA of T.molitor. A coding sequence for this peptide is found in the genome of T. castaneum. In addition, three FXPRLamides (pyrokinins), provisionally Tenmo-PK-1, Tenmo-PK-2 and Tenmo-PK-3 (HVVNFTPRLamide, SPPFAPRLamide, HL(I)SPFSPRLamide) were identified in both CC-CA and brain of T. molitor, again on the basis of predicted occurrence or similarity in T. castaneum. The sequence of Tenmo-PK-2 is the same as the PK-2 of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Other peptides readily predicted from the genome of T. castaneum include two AKH/HrTH peptides (Trica-AKH-1; pELNFSTDWamide and Trica-AKH-2; pELNFTPNWamide), the second of which is identical to Pyrap-AKH, an AKH-related peptide (Trica AKH-L; pEVTFSRDWPamide), two CRF-related diuretic factors (Trica-DH 37 and Trica-DH 47), the latter identical to Tenmo-DH 47, a putative antidiuretic factor (Trica-ADFb; LYDDGSYKPHVYGF-OH), two sulfakinin-like peptides (Trica-SK-1; pETSDDY(SO(3))GHLRFamide, and Trica SK-2; GEEPFDDYGHMRFamide), a potential allatostatin-C (Trica-AS; pESRYRQCYFNPISCF-OH), six allatostatin-B/myoinhibitory peptides (Trica-AST-B-1,2,3,4,5 & 6; DWNKDLHIWamide, GWNNLHEGWamide, AWQSLQSGWamide, NWGQFHGGWamide, SKWDNFRGSWamide, EPAWSNLGIWamide), an allatotropin-like peptide (Trica-ATL; GIEALKYHNMDLGTARGYamide), four 'CAPA'-related peptides (Trica-CAPA-1,2,3,4; NKLASVYALTPSLRVamide, RIGKMVSFPRIamide, PGANSGGMWFGPRLamide, SENFTPWAYIILNGEAPIIREVHYSPRLamide), proctolin (RYLPT), a potential SIFamide (Trica-SIFa; TYRKPPFNGSIFamide), an arginine-vasopressin-related peptide (Trica-AVP; CLITNCPRGamide) and an ITP-related peptide (Trica-ITP). No evidence was found for the presence of 'A' allatostatins (Y/FxFGLamides) or corazonin, either in T. molitor, or in the genome of T. castaneum.
利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）以及从赤拟谷盗（Tribolium castaneum）基因组中获取的信息，在黄粉虫（Tenebrio molitor）的脑和心侧体-咽侧体（CC-CA）中鉴定出了四种神经肽。抑肌肽（亮氨酸-肌抑制素，一种FLRF酰胺），此前在蟑螂中被发现，随后也在蜜蜂中被鉴定出，在黄粉虫的脑和CC-CA中它是一种主要的肽。在赤拟谷盗的基因组中发现了该肽的编码序列。此外，在黄粉虫的CC-CA和脑中还鉴定出了三种FXPRL酰胺（促速激肽），暂定为Tenmo-PK-1、Tenmo-PK-2和Tenmo-PK-3（HVVNFTPRL酰胺、SPPFAPRL酰胺、HL(I)SPFSPRL酰胺），同样是基于在赤拟谷盗中的预测出现情况或相似性。Tenmo-PK-2的序列与美洲大蠊（Periplaneta americana）的PK-2相同。其他容易从赤拟谷盗基因组中预测出的肽包括两种脂动激素/高血糖激素释放激素（HrTH）肽（Trica-AKH-1；pELNFSTDW酰胺和Trica-AKH-2；pELNFTPNW酰胺），其中第二种与Pyrap-AKH相同，Pyrap-AKH是一种与脂动激素相关的肽（Trica AKH-L；pEVTFSRDWP酰胺），两种促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）相关的利尿因子（Trica-DH 37和Trica-DH 47），后者与Tenmo-DH 47相同，Tenmo-DH 47是一种假定的抗利尿因子（Trica-ADFb；LYDDGSYKPHVYGF-OH），两种类速激肽样肽（Trica-SK-1；pETSDDY(SO(3))GHLRF酰胺和Trica SK-2；GEEPFDDYGHMRF酰胺），一种潜在的咽侧体抑制素-C（Trica-AS；pESRYRQCYFNPISCF-OH），六种咽侧体抑制素-B/肌抑制肽（Trica-AST-B-1、2、3、4、5和6；DWNKDLHIW酰胺、GWNNLHEGW酰胺、AWQSLQSGW酰胺、NWGQFHGGW酰胺、SKWDNFRGSW酰胺、EPAWSNLGIW酰胺），一种类促咽侧体素肽（Trica-ATL；GIEALKYHNMDLGTARGY酰胺），四种“CAPA”相关肽（Trica-CAPA-1、2、3、4；NKLASVYALTPSLRV酰胺、RIGKMVSFPRI酰胺、PGANSGGMWFGPRL酰胺、SENFTPWAYIILNGEAPIIREVHYSPRL酰胺），促肠肌肽（RYLPT），一种潜在的SIF酰胺（Trica-SIFa；TYRKPPFNGSIF酰胺），一种精氨酸加压素相关肽（Trica-AVP；CLITNCPRG酰胺）和一种肌醇-1,4,5-三磷酸（ITP）相关肽（Trica-ITP）。在黄粉虫及其基因组中均未发现“A”型咽侧体抑制素（Y/FxFGL酰胺）或心钠素的存在证据。
