因运动增加和减少导致的不对称体重增减。
Asymmetric weight gain and loss from increasing and decreasing exercise.
作者信息
Williams Paul T
机构信息
Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA.
出版信息
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Feb;40(2):296-302. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31815b6475.
PURPOSE
Although increases and decreases in physical activity are known to cause weight loss and weight gain, respectively, it is not known whether the magnitudes of these changes in weight are equal. Unequal (asymmetric) weight changes could contribute to overall weight gain or loss among individuals with seasonal or irregular activity.
METHODS
Changes in adiposity were compared with the running distances at baseline and follow-up in men and women whose reported exercise increased (N = 4632 and 1953, respectively) or decreased (17,280 and 5970, respectively) during 7.7 yr of follow-up.
RESULTS
Per km.wk(-1) decreases in running distance caused more than four times greater weight gain between 0 and 8 km.wk(-1) (slope +/- SE, males: -0.068 +/- 0.005 kg.m(-2); females: -0.080 +/- 0.01 kg.m(-2)) than between 32 and 48 km.wk(-1) (-0.017 +/- 0.002 and -0.010 +/- 0.005 kg.m(-2), respectively). In contrast, increases in running distance produced the smallest weight losses between 0 and 8 km.wk(-1) and statistically significant weight loss only above 16 km.wk(-1). Above 32 km.wk(-1) (30 kcal.kg(-1)) in men and 16 km.wk(-1) (15 kcal.kg(-1)) in women, weight loss from increasing exercise was equal to or greater than weight gained from decreasing exercise; otherwise, weight gain exceeded weight loss.
CONCLUSION
Weight gained because of reductions in weekly exercise below 30 kcal.kg(-1) in men and 15 kcal.kg(-1) in women may not be reversed by resuming prior activity. Current IOM guidelines (i.e., maintain total energy expenditure at 160% of basal) agree with the men's exercise threshold for symmetric weight change with changing exercise levels. Asymmetric weight changes below this threshold may contribute to weight gain among less-active subjects.
目的
尽管已知体力活动的增加和减少分别会导致体重减轻和增加，但尚不清楚这些体重变化的幅度是否相等。不相等（不对称）的体重变化可能导致季节性或不规则活动个体的总体体重增加或减少。
方法
在7.7年的随访期间，将报告的运动量增加（男性分别为4632例，女性分别为1953例）或减少（男性分别为17280例，女性分别为5970例）的男性和女性在基线和随访时的肥胖变化与跑步距离进行比较。
结果
每公里·周⁻¹跑步距离的减少在0至8公里·周⁻¹之间导致的体重增加（斜率±标准误，男性：-0.068±0.005千克·米⁻²；女性：-0.080±0.01千克·米⁻²）比在32至48公里·周⁻¹之间（分别为-0.017±0.002和-0.010±0.005千克·米⁻²）多四倍以上。相比之下，跑步距离的增加在0至8公里·周⁻¹之间导致的体重减轻最小，且仅在超过16公里·周⁻¹时才产生具有统计学意义的体重减轻。在男性超过32公里·周⁻¹（30千卡·千克⁻¹）和女性超过16公里·周⁻¹（15千卡·千克⁻¹）时，增加运动量所导致的体重减轻等于或大于减少运动量所增加的体重；否则，体重增加超过体重减轻。
结论
男性每周运动量减少至低于30千卡·千克⁻¹、女性减少至低于15千卡·千克⁻¹所导致的体重增加，可能无法通过恢复先前的活动来逆转。当前的美国医学研究所指南（即维持总能量消耗为基础能量消耗的160%）与男性随运动水平变化实现对称体重变化的运动阈值一致。低于此阈值的不对称体重变化可能导致活动较少的受试者体重增加。
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