Gall-Reculé Ghislaine Le, Briand François-Xavier, Schmitz Audrey, Guionie Olivier, Massin Pascale, Jestin Véronique
French Agency for Food Safety (AFSSA), Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit, French Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, B.P. 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
Avian Pathol. 2008 Feb;37(1):15-23. doi: 10.1080/03079450701774835.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5N1 have spread since late 2003 in East and Southeast Asia. In April 2005, a large-scale outbreak of H5N1 infection that occurred in migratory waterfowl in Qinghai Lake nature reserve in western China, killing more than 6000 wild birds, appeared to be the beginning of a epizootic that caused outbreaks in domestic and wild birds in nearly 60 countries from Central Asia, the Middle East, Europe and Africa. The first case of Asian lineage HPAI H5N1 virus in France was described in dead wild ducks (Common pochard) in the east of France in mid-February 2006. Up to the end of April, 42 HPAI H5N1 viruses were identified from about 60 wild birds belonging to different species and one outbreak occurred in commercial turkeys. To establish genetic relationships with other HPAI H5N1 viruses, 12 selected viruses were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Genotyping and genetic analyses revealed that the French viruses were very similar to those of the 'Qinghai-like' sublineage and belonged to clade 2.2. However, two related but distinct genetic subgroups were identified, indicating that two different viruses were circulating in France at the same time and in the same area. Viruses of one subgroup were highly similar to one identified in Bavaria in Germany (A/mallard/Bavaria/1/2006). More surprisingly, French viruses belonging to the other subgroup retained the cleavage motif PQGERKRKKR/G, which is unique among the known HPAI H5N1 viruses. Our results confirmed that multiple H5N1 genogroups were present in Western Europe in early 2006.
高致病性H5N1亚型禽流感（HPAI）病毒自2003年末以来在东亚和东南亚地区传播。2005年4月，中国西部青海湖自然保护区的候鸟中发生了大规模H5N1感染疫情，导致6000多只野生鸟类死亡，这似乎是一场动物疫病流行的开端，该疫病在中亚、中东、欧洲和非洲近60个国家的家禽和野生鸟类中引发了疫情。2006年2月中旬，在法国东部死亡的野鸭（普通秋沙鸭）中发现了首例亚洲谱系高致病性H5N1病毒。截至4月底，从约60只不同物种的野生鸟类中鉴定出42株高致病性H5N1病毒，并且在商业养殖火鸡中发生了1起疫情。为了确定与其他高致病性H5N1病毒的亲缘关系，对12株选定的病毒进行了系统发育分析。基因分型和遗传分析表明，法国的病毒与“青海样”亚系的病毒非常相似，属于2.2分支。然而，鉴定出了两个相关但不同的遗传亚组，这表明两种不同的病毒同时在法国的同一地区传播。其中一个亚组的病毒与在德国巴伐利亚发现的一株病毒（A/野鸭/巴伐利亚/1/2006）高度相似。更令人惊讶的是，属于另一个亚组的法国病毒保留了切割基序PQGERKRKKR/G，这在已知的高致病性H5N1病毒中是独一无二的。我们的结果证实，2006年初西欧存在多个H5N1基因组。
