Briand François-Xavier, Schmitz Audrey, Ogor Katell, Le Prioux Aurélie, Guillou-Cloarec Cécile, Guillemoto Carole, Allée Chantal, Le Bras Marie-Odile, Hirchaud Edouard, Quenault Hélène, Touzain Fabrice, Cherbonnel-Pansart Martine, Lemaitre Evelyne, Courtillon Céline, Gares Hélène, Daniel Patrick, Fediaevsky Alexandre, Massin Pascale, Blanchard Yannick, Eterradossi Nicolas, van der Werf Sylvie, Jestin Véronique, Niqueux Eric
Anses, Unité VIPAC - LNR influenza aviaire, Ploufragan, France.
Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France.
Euro Surveill. 2017 Mar 2;22(9). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.9.30473.
Several new highly pathogenic (HP) H5 avian influenza virus (AIV) have been detected in poultry farms from south-western France since November 2015, among which an HP H5N1. The zoonotic potential and origin of these AIVs immediately became matters of concern. One virus of each subtype H5N1 (150169a), H5N2 (150233) and H5N9 (150236) was characterised. All proved highly pathogenic for poultry as demonstrated molecularly by the presence of a polybasic cleavage site in their HA protein - with a sequence (HQRRKR/GLF) previously unknown among avian H5 HPAI viruses - or experimentally by the in vivo demonstration of an intravenous pathogenicity index of 2.9 for the H5N1 HP isolate. Phylogenetic analyses based on the full genomes obtained by NGS confirmed that the eight viral segments of the three isolates were all part of avian Eurasian phylogenetic lineage but differed from the Gs/Gd/1/96-like lineage. The study of the genetic characteristics at specific amino acid positions relevant for modulating the adaptation to and the virulence for mammals showed that presently, these viruses possess most molecular features characteristic of AIV and lack some major characteristics required for efficient respiratory transmission to or between humans. The three isolates are therefore predicted to have no significant pandemic potential.
自2015年11月以来，法国西南部的家禽养殖场中检测到了几种新型高致病性（HP）H5禽流感病毒（AIV），其中包括一种HP H5N1病毒。这些AIV的人畜共患潜力和起源立即成为人们关注的问题。对H5N1（150169a）、H5N2（150233）和H5N9（150236）各亚型的一种病毒进行了特征分析。所有病毒对家禽均表现出高致病性——通过其血凝素（HA）蛋白中多碱性裂解位点的存在在分子水平上得到证明，该位点的序列（HQRRKR/GLF）在禽H5高致病性禽流感病毒中是前所未知的；或者通过对H5N1 HP分离株的静脉致病性指数在体内测定为2.9得到实验证明。基于二代测序（NGS）获得的全基因组进行的系统发育分析证实，这三个分离株的八个病毒片段均为禽欧亚系统发育谱系的一部分，但与Gs/Gd/1/96样谱系不同。对与调节对哺乳动物的适应性和毒力相关的特定氨基酸位置的遗传特征研究表明，目前，这些病毒具有AIV的大多数分子特征，并且缺乏有效在人与人之间或向人进行呼吸道传播所需的一些主要特征。因此，预计这三个分离株没有显著的大流行潜力。
