句子理解中的检索干扰。
Retrieval interference in sentence comprehension.
作者信息
Van Dyke Julie A, McElree Brian
机构信息
Haskins Laboratories, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511-6695, USA.
出版信息
J Mem Lang. 2006 Aug;55(2):157-166. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2006.03.007.
The role of interference effects in sentence processing has recently begun to receive attention, however whether these effects arise during encoding or retrieval remains unclear. This paper draws on basic memory research to help distinguish these explanations and reports data from an experiment that manipulates the possibility for retrieval interference while holding encoding conditions constant. We found clear support for the principle of cue-overload, wherein cues available at retrieval cannot uniquely distinguish among competitors, thus giving rise to interference effects. We discuss the data in relation to a cue-based parsing framework (Van Dyke & Lewis, 2003) and other interference effects observed in sentence processing (e.g., Gordon, Hendrick, & Johnson, 2001, 2004). We conclude from the available data that the memory system that subserves language comprehension operates according to similar principles as memory in other domains.
干扰效应在句子处理中的作用最近开始受到关注，然而这些效应是在编码过程中还是在检索过程中产生仍不清楚。本文借鉴基础记忆研究来帮助区分这些解释，并报告了一项实验的数据，该实验在保持编码条件不变的情况下，操纵检索干扰的可能性。我们发现了对线索过载原则的明确支持，即在检索时可用的线索无法唯一区分竞争项，从而产生干扰效应。我们结合基于线索的句法分析框架（范戴克和刘易斯，2003年）以及在句子处理中观察到的其他干扰效应（例如，戈登、亨德里克和约翰逊，2001年、2004年）来讨论这些数据。我们从现有数据中得出结论，服务于语言理解的记忆系统与其他领域的记忆按照相似的原则运作。
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