Richardson Katherine M, Rothstein Hannah R
Department of Management, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA.
J Occup Health Psychol. 2008 Jan;13(1):69-93. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.13.1.69.
A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effectiveness of stress management interventions in occupational settings. Thirty-six experimental studies were included, representing 55 interventions. Total sample size was 2,847. Of the participants, 59% were female, mean age was 35.4, and average length of intervention was 7.4 weeks. The overall weighted effect size (Cohen's d) for all studies was 0.526 (95% confidence interval = 0.364, 0.687), a significant medium to large effect. Interventions were coded as cognitive-behavioral, relaxation, organizational, multimodal, or alternative. Analyses based on these subgroups suggested that intervention type played a moderating role. Cognitive-behavioral programs consistently produced larger effects than other types of interventions, but if additional treatment components were added the effect was reduced. Within the sample of studies, relaxation interventions were most frequently used, and organizational interventions continued to be scarce. Effects were based mainly on psychological outcome variables, as opposed to physiological or organizational measures. The examination of additional moderators such as treatment length, outcome variable, and occupation did not reveal significant variations in effect size by intervention type.
进行了一项荟萃分析，以确定职业环境中压力管理干预措施的有效性。纳入了36项实验研究，代表55种干预措施。总样本量为2847。参与者中，59%为女性，平均年龄为35.4岁，平均干预时长为7.4周。所有研究的总体加权效应量（科恩d值）为0.526（95%置信区间 = 0.364, 0.687），具有显著的中等到较大效应。干预措施被编码为认知行为、放松、组织、多模式或替代类型。基于这些亚组的分析表明，干预类型起到了调节作用。认知行为项目始终比其他类型的干预措施产生更大的效果，但如果添加额外的治疗成分，效果会降低。在研究样本中，放松干预措施使用最为频繁，而组织干预措施仍然很少。效果主要基于心理结果变量，而非生理或组织指标。对治疗时长、结果变量和职业等其他调节因素的考察未发现干预类型在效应量上有显著差异。
