Kalichman Seth C, Di Berto Giorgio, Eaton Lisa
Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
Sex Transm Dis. 2008 Jan;35(1):55-60. doi: 10.1097/olq.0b013e318141fe9b.
The majority of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in the world are sexually transmitted and quantities of HIV in genital fluids are an important transmission risk-determining factor. Estimating men's sexual HIV infectiousness from blood viral load hinges on the association between HIV in blood plasma (BPVL) and semen viral load (SVL). This article reviews research on the association between BPVL and SVL as reported in 19 empirical studies (N = 1226). Findings yielded a mean correlation between BPVL and SVL of 0.45 (SD = 0.20, median = 0.45, range = 0.07-.64). SVL was generally lower than BPVL, but this pattern was variable across studies. Co-occurring sexually transmitted infections (urethritis), nonsuppressive HIV treatments, and drug resistance account for the variability in observed correlations. HIV disease progression does not reliably influence the association between BPVL and SVL. Research is needed to determine the degree to which BPVL as well as SVL predict HIV transmission.
世界上大多数人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染是通过性传播的，生殖液中的HIV数量是一个重要的传播风险决定因素。根据血液病毒载量估算男性的性传播HIV感染性，取决于血浆HIV（BPVL）与精液病毒载量（SVL）之间的关联。本文综述了19项实证研究（N = 1226）中报道的关于BPVL与SVL之间关联的研究。结果显示，BPVL与SVL之间的平均相关性为0.45（标准差 = 0.20，中位数 = 0.45，范围 = 0.07 - 0.64）。SVL通常低于BPVL，但这种模式在不同研究中有所不同。同时发生的性传播感染（尿道炎）、非抑制性HIV治疗和耐药性是观察到的相关性存在差异的原因。HIV疾病进展并不能可靠地影响BPVL与SVL之间的关联。需要开展研究以确定BPVL以及SVL预测HIV传播的程度。
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