Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Research Andrology Laboratory, São Paulo 04534-011, SP, Brazil.
Division of Urology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil.
Asian J Androl. 2021 Jul-Aug;23(4):335-347. doi: 10.4103/aja.aja_82_20.
Viral infections have haunted humankind since times immemorial. Overpopulation, globalization, and extensive deforestation have created an ideal environment for a viral spread with unknown and multiple shedding routes. Many viruses can infect the male reproductive tract, with potential adverse consequences to male reproductive health, including infertility and cancer. Moreover, some genital tract viral infections can be sexually transmitted, potentially impacting the resulting offspring's health. We have summarized the evidence concerning the presence and adverse effects of the relevant viruses on the reproductive tract (mumps virus, human immunodeficiency virus, herpes virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B and C viruses, Ebola virus, Zika virus, influenza virus, and coronaviruses), their routes of infection, target organs and cells, prevalence and pattern of virus shedding in semen, as well as diagnosis/testing and treatment strategies. The pathophysiological understanding in the male genital tract is essential to assess its clinical impact on male reproductive health and guide future research.
病毒感染自古以来一直困扰着人类。人口过剩、全球化和大规模森林砍伐为病毒传播创造了理想的环境，其传播途径未知且多样。许多病毒可以感染男性生殖道，对男性生殖健康造成潜在的不良后果，包括不育和癌症。此外，一些生殖道病毒感染具有性传播的可能性，可能会影响到后代的健康。我们总结了有关相关病毒在生殖道中存在及其不良影响的证据（腮腺炎病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒、疱疹病毒、人乳头瘤病毒、乙型和丙型肝炎病毒、埃博拉病毒、寨卡病毒、流感病毒和冠状病毒），包括其感染途径、靶器官和细胞、精液中病毒脱落的流行率和模式，以及诊断/检测和治疗策略。对男性生殖道的病理生理学理解对于评估其对男性生殖健康的临床影响以及指导未来的研究至关重要。
