Dabo S M, Taylor J D, Confer A W
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-2007, USA.
Anim Health Res Rev. 2007 Dec;8(2):129-50. doi: 10.1017/S1466252307001399.
Pasteurella multocida is a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium that has been classified into three subspecies, five capsular serogroups and 16 serotypes. P. multocida serogroup A isolates are bovine nasopharyngeal commensals, bovine pathogens and common isolates from bovine respiratory disease (BRD), both enzootic calf pneumonia of young dairy calves and shipping fever of weaned, stressed beef cattle. P. multocida A:3 is the most common serotype isolated from BRD, and these isolates have limited heterogeneity based on outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles and ribotyping. Development of P. multocida-induced pneumonia is associated with environmental and stress factors such as shipping, co-mingling, and overcrowding as well as concurrent or predisposing viral or bacterial infections. Lung lesions consist of an acute to subacute bronchopneumonia that may or may not have an associated pleuritis. Numerous virulence or potential virulence factors have been described for bovine respiratory isolates including adherence and colonization factors, iron-regulated and acquisition proteins, extracellular enzymes such as neuraminidase, lipopolysaccharide, polysaccharide capsule and a variety of OMPs. Immunity of cattle against respiratory pasteurellosis is poorly understood; however, high serum antibodies to OMPs appear to be important for enhancing resistance to the bacterium. Currently available P. multocida vaccines for use in cattle are predominately traditional bacterins and a live streptomycin-dependent mutant. The field efficacy of these vaccines is not well documented in the literature.
多杀性巴氏杆菌是一种致病性革兰氏阴性菌，已被分为三个亚种、五个荚膜血清群和16个血清型。A血清群多杀性巴氏杆菌分离株是牛鼻咽共生菌、牛病原体以及牛呼吸道疾病（BRD）的常见分离株，BRD包括幼龄奶牛的地方流行性犊牛肺炎和断奶应激肉牛的运输热。多杀性巴氏杆菌A:3是从BRD中分离出的最常见血清型，基于外膜蛋白（OMP）谱和核糖体分型，这些分离株的异质性有限。多杀性巴氏杆菌诱导的肺炎的发生与环境和应激因素有关，如运输、混群和过度拥挤，以及并发或易感性病毒或细菌感染。肺部病变表现为急性至亚急性支气管肺炎，可能伴有或不伴有胸膜炎。已描述了许多牛呼吸道分离株的毒力或潜在毒力因子，包括黏附和定植因子、铁调节和获取蛋白、细胞外酶如神经氨酸酶、脂多糖、多糖荚膜和多种OMP。牛对呼吸道巴氏杆菌病的免疫力了解甚少；然而，针对OMP的高血清抗体似乎对增强对该细菌的抵抗力很重要。目前可用于牛的多杀性巴氏杆菌疫苗主要是传统菌苗和一种依赖链霉素的活突变株。这些疫苗的田间效力在文献中没有很好的记录。
