Stuart Lynda M, Ezekowitz R Alan
Developmental Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02144, USA.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 Feb;8(2):131-41. doi: 10.1038/nri2240.
Phagocytosis, the engulfment of material by cells, is a highly conserved process that arose before the development of multicellularity. Phagocytes have a key role in embryogenesis and also guard the portals of potential pathogen entry. They discriminate between diverse particles through the array of receptors expressed on their surface. In higher species, arguably the most sophisticated function of phagocytes is the processing and presentation of antigens derived from internalized material to stimulate lymphocytes and long-lived specific immunity. Central to these processes is the generation of a phagosome, the organelle that forms around internalized material. As we discuss in this Review, over the past two decades important insights into phagocytosis have been gleaned from studies in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster.
吞噬作用，即细胞对物质的吞噬，是一个高度保守的过程，在多细胞生物出现之前就已产生。吞噬细胞在胚胎发育中起关键作用，还守护着潜在病原体进入的门户。它们通过其表面表达的一系列受体来区分不同的颗粒。在高等生物中，吞噬细胞最复杂的功能可以说是处理和呈递源自内化物质的抗原，以刺激淋巴细胞和产生长期的特异性免疫。这些过程的核心是吞噬体的形成，吞噬体是围绕内化物质形成的细胞器。正如我们在本综述中所讨论的，在过去二十年里，通过对模式生物黑腹果蝇的研究，人们对吞噬作用有了重要的认识。
