Markman Arthur B, Taylor Eric, Gentner Dedre
Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2007 Dec;14(6):1101-6. doi: 10.3758/bf03193098.
Research on analogical retrieval suggests that cues with object similarity to a prior episode in memory lead to better retrieval than do cues with relational similarity. We suggest that previous work may have underestimated the effectiveness of relational cues, because this work has presented cues and targets in written format. There is some evidence that spoken presentations lead to better memory than do written presentations. We tested this hypothesis using a continuous reminding paradigm in which people read and recalled proverbs that were presented either in spoken or written format. The spoken format led to better retrieval from relational cues, particularly at longer lags between cue and memory item.
关于类比检索的研究表明，与记忆中先前事件具有对象相似性的线索比具有关系相似性的线索能带来更好的检索效果。我们认为，先前的研究可能低估了关系线索的有效性，因为这些研究以书面形式呈现线索和目标。有一些证据表明，口头陈述比书面陈述能带来更好的记忆效果。我们使用一种连续提醒范式对这一假设进行了测试，在该范式中，人们阅读并回忆以口头或书面形式呈现的谚语。口头形式能从关系线索中带来更好的检索效果，尤其是在线索与记忆项目之间的延迟较长时。
