Taniguchi Kiyosu, Hashimoto Shuji, Kawado Miyuki, Murakami Yoshitaka, Izumida Michiko, Ohta Akiko, Tada Yuki, Shigematsu Mika, Yasui Yoshinori, Nagai Masaki
Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
J Epidemiol. 2007 Dec;17 Suppl(Suppl):S3-13. doi: 10.2188/jea.17.s3.
In 1999 the Communicable Disease Prevention Law of Japan was completely revised into the "New" Infectious Disease Control Law, which reiterated the importance of surveillance and information dissemination and re-organized the surveillance system. This paper is an attempt to illustrate the potential impact of the new surveillance system through a description of the existing surveillance system and data before and after the revision.
After a historical review of surveillance system in Japan, the current surveillance system is described. Data sets of actual case numbers reported and incidence rate per 1,000,000 population are compared before and after the revision.
Comparison of the data between the 2 periods revealed that most of the diseases have had declining trends after the new law was enacted with several exceptions. However, although no major break in continuity is observed in seriously perceived disease, in milder diseases there are striking gaps between the numbers reported in the mandatory and sentinel reporting framework. Sentinel reporting framework maintained the continuity of data without major gaps.
From this perspective, the new surveillance system with two different frameworks of mandatory reporting for severe diseases and sentinel reporting for milder diseases seems to be working well. But continuous efforts should be made for evaluation and improvement of surveillance system and risk communication through the research on data analysis and effective communication method.
1999年，日本的《传染病预防法》被全面修订为《新》传染病控制法，该法重申了监测和信息传播的重要性，并重新组织了监测系统。本文试图通过描述修订前后的现有监测系统和数据，来说明新监测系统的潜在影响。
在对日本监测系统进行历史回顾后，描述了当前的监测系统。比较了修订前后报告的实际病例数数据集和每百万人口发病率。
两个时期的数据比较显示，新法律颁布后，大多数疾病呈下降趋势，但有几个例外。然而，尽管在严重疾病方面未观察到连续性的重大中断，但在较轻疾病方面，强制报告框架和哨点报告框架报告的病例数存在显著差距。哨点报告框架保持了数据的连续性，没有重大差距。
从这个角度来看，针对严重疾病采用强制报告、针对较轻疾病采用哨点报告这两种不同框架的新监测系统似乎运行良好。但仍应持续努力，通过数据分析研究和有效的沟通方法，对监测系统进行评估和改进，并加强风险沟通。
