Weissenbacher M C, de Guerrero L B, Boxaca M C
Bull World Health Organ. 1975;52(4-6):507-15.
A fatal disease resembling Argentine haemorrhagic fever of man has been produced in guinea-pigs and mice by inoculation with Junin virus. Infected guinea-pigs show macroscopic and microscopic haemorrhagic lesions, marked bone marrow changes, decreased leukocytes and platelets in the peripheral blood, and impairment of immunological response. This response permits differentiation between pathogenic (XJ) and attenuated (XJ Cl(3)) strains. Guinea-pigs inoculated with the XJ Cl(3) strain develop an inapparent infection accompanied by slight haematological changes, the appearance of antibody, and protection against challenge with the pathogenic strain. The attenuated strain has been used successfully as an immunizing antigen in 636 human volunteers. Guinea-pigs infected with Tacaribe virus show cross-protection against Junin virus, with the presence of heterologous neutralizing antibodies. Suckling mice infected with Junin virus develop a typical viral encephalitis; the pathogenicity of the virus decreases with increasing age of the mice. Experiments with thymectomized mice and with mice treated with antithymocyte serum suggest that the pathogenicity of Junin virus in this host is related to the integrity of the thymus-dependent immune system. There is evidence that humoral antibodies do not play any role in the development of the encephalitic lesions but rather protect mice against Junin virus infection. A recent serological survey among laboratory workers and inhabitants of the endemic area has demonstrated the presence of inapparent infection with Junin virus.
通过接种胡宁病毒，在豚鼠和小鼠身上引发了一种类似于人类阿根廷出血热的致命疾病。受感染的豚鼠出现肉眼可见和显微镜下的出血性病变、明显的骨髓变化、外周血白细胞和血小板减少以及免疫反应受损。这种反应有助于区分致病（XJ）株和减毒（XJ Cl(3)）株。接种XJ Cl(3)株的豚鼠发生隐性感染，伴有轻微血液学变化、抗体出现，并对致病株的攻击具有抵抗力。减毒株已成功用作636名人类志愿者的免疫抗原。感染塔卡里贝病毒的豚鼠对胡宁病毒表现出交叉保护作用，同时存在异源中和抗体。感染胡宁病毒的乳鼠会发展出典型的病毒性脑炎；病毒的致病性随着小鼠年龄的增长而降低。对胸腺切除小鼠和用抗胸腺细胞血清处理的小鼠进行的实验表明，胡宁病毒在这种宿主中的致病性与胸腺依赖性免疫系统的完整性有关。有证据表明，体液抗体在脑炎病变的发展中不起任何作用，反而能保护小鼠免受胡宁病毒感染。最近对实验室工作人员和疫区居民进行的血清学调查表明，存在胡宁病毒隐性感染。
