卡介苗（BCG）接种预防麻风病的有效性：印度赖布尔一项基于人群的病例对照研究。

Effectiveness of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination in the prevention of leprosy: a population-based case-control study in Raipur, India.

作者信息

Rahete Nishikant P, Zodpey Sanjoy P, Kamble K M

机构信息

Regional Leprosy Training and Research Institute, Raipur, Chattisgarh.

出版信息

Indian J Public Health. 2007 Apr-Jun;51(2):86-90.

PMID:18240467

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To estimate the effectiveness of BCG vaccination in the prevention of leprosy.

METHODS

study design: Population-based pair-matched case-control study. The study was carried out in the field operation area of Regional Leprosy Training and Research Centre, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India. It included 201 cases of leprosy (diagnosed by WHO criteria), born onwards 1964. Each case was pair-matched with one neighbourhood control for age and sex. BCG vaccination status was assessed by examination for the presence of BCG scar, immunization records if available and information from subjects/parents of children. Subjects uncertain about BCG vaccination were not included.

RESULTS

A marginally non-significant protective association between BCG and leprosy was observed (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.40-1.04). The overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) was 35%. The BCG effectiveness was lower for pauci-bacillary leprosy as compared to multibacillary leprosy. The sub-group analysis revealed that the BCG effectiveness was statistically non-significant in less than or equal to 14 years of age and females category. The overall prevented fraction of leprosy was calculated to be 20% (95% CI--1.8-41.4).

CONCLUSION

The current study identified a marginally beneficial role of BCG vaccination in the prevention of leprosy in study population.

摘要

目的

评估卡介苗接种在预防麻风病方面的有效性。

方法

研究设计：基于人群的配对病例对照研究。该研究在印度恰蒂斯加尔邦赖布尔地区麻风病培训与研究中心的现场操作区域开展。研究纳入了201例麻风病患者（根据世界卫生组织标准诊断），出生时间为1964年及以后。每例患者按年龄和性别与一名邻里对照进行配对。通过检查卡介苗疤痕、免疫记录（如有）以及受试者/儿童父母提供的信息来评估卡介苗接种状况。不确定是否接种过卡介苗的受试者未纳入研究。

结果

观察到卡介苗与麻风病之间存在微弱的非显著保护性关联（比值比=0.65，95%可信区间0.40 - 1.04）。总体疫苗效力（VE）为35%。与多菌型麻风病相比，卡介苗对少菌型麻风病的效力较低。亚组分析显示，在年龄小于或等于14岁的人群以及女性类别中，卡介苗的效力在统计学上无显著意义。计算得出麻风病的总体预防率为20%（95%可信区间 - 1.8 - 41.4）。