Levy Benjamin J, Anderson Michael C
Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2008 Mar;127(3):623-35. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2007.12.004. Epub 2008 Feb 1.
When confronted with reminders to an unpleasant memory, people often try to prevent the unwanted memory from coming to mind. In this article, we review behavioral and neurocognitive evidence concerning the consequences of exerting such control over memory retrieval. This work indicates that suppressing retrieval is accomplished by control mechanisms that inhibit the unwanted memories, making them harder to recall later, even when desired. This process engages executive control mechanisms mediated by the lateral prefrontal cortex to terminate recollection-related activity in the hippocampus. Together, these findings specify a neurocognitive model of how memory control operates, suggesting that executive control may be an important means of down-regulating intrusive memories over time. We conclude by proposing that individual differences in the regulation of intrusive memories in the aftermath of trauma may be mediated by pre-existing differences in executive control ability. In support of this executive deficit hypothesis, we review the recent work indicating links between executive control ability and memory suppression.
当面对不愉快记忆的提示时，人们常常试图阻止那些 unwanted 的记忆进入脑海。在本文中，我们回顾了关于对记忆提取施加这种控制的后果的行为和神经认知证据。这项工作表明，抑制提取是通过抑制 unwanted 记忆的控制机制来实现的，这使得这些记忆在以后即使想要回忆时也更难被想起。这个过程涉及由外侧前额叶皮层介导的执行控制机制，以终止海马体中与回忆相关的活动。总之，这些发现明确了记忆控制如何运作的神经认知模型，表明执行控制可能是随着时间推移下调侵入性记忆的重要手段。我们通过提出创伤后侵入性记忆调节中的个体差异可能由执行控制能力的预先存在的差异介导来得出结论。为支持这一执行缺陷假说，我们回顾了最近表明执行控制能力与记忆抑制之间存在联系的工作。
