Dong Yueqing, Xiao Fenni, Meng Yingfang, Ye Zetong, Tang Yajun
School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, No.81 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan County, Huhhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010028, People's Republic of China.
School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Xuefunan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350117, People's Republic of China.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2024 Apr;86(3):838-854. doi: 10.3758/s13414-024-02851-4. Epub 2024 Feb 27.
Attention and memory are fundamental cognitive processes that closely interact. In the attentional boost effect (ABE), the stimuli that co-occur with targets are remembered better than those that co-occur with distractors in target detection tasks performed during memory encoding. In target detection tasks performed during retrieval, the stimuli that co-occur with targets are recognized as 'old' more easily than the stimuli that co-occur with distractors. This study mainly explored the internal mechanism of the effect of target detection on recognition. In Experiment 1, the full attention (FA; where participants performed only the memory task) condition was used to compare with divided attention (DA; where participants performed target detection while performing memory retrieval) condition to explore the impact of target detection and distraction inhibition on recognition. In Experiment 2, the proportion of old and new words in the retrieval stage was adjusted to 1:1 to eliminate the possible reaction tendency caused by the high proportion of old words. In Experiment 3, the presentation time of words was extended to 1.5 s and 3 s to eliminate the possible impact of rapid processing. The results indicated that the effect of target detection on recognition was attributed to both target detection and distraction rejection and is not affected by the ratio of old and new words and the word presentation time. The effect of target detection on recognition may be owing to temporal yoking of the dual tasks, which is different from the effect of target detection on memory encoding.
注意力和记忆是密切相互作用的基本认知过程。在注意力增强效应（ABE）中，在记忆编码期间执行的目标检测任务中，与目标同时出现的刺激比与干扰物同时出现的刺激记忆得更好。在检索期间执行的目标检测任务中，与目标同时出现的刺激比与干扰物同时出现的刺激更容易被识别为“旧的”。本研究主要探讨目标检测对识别影响的内在机制。在实验1中，使用全神贯注（FA；参与者仅执行记忆任务）条件与分散注意力（DA；参与者在执行记忆检索时执行目标检测）条件进行比较，以探讨目标检测和干扰抑制对识别的影响。在实验2中，将检索阶段新旧单词的比例调整为1:1，以消除旧单词比例过高可能导致的反应倾向。在实验3中，将单词的呈现时间延长至1.5秒和3秒，以消除快速处理可能产生的影响。结果表明，目标检测对识别的影响既归因于目标检测，也归因于干扰排除，并且不受新旧单词比例和单词呈现时间的影响。目标检测对识别的影响可能归因于双重任务的时间关联，这与目标检测对记忆编码的影响不同。
