Blanco Patrick, Palucka A Karolina, Pascual Virginia, Banchereau Jacques
CHU Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2008 Feb;19(1):41-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.10.004.
Dendritic cells (DCs) produce cytokines and are susceptible to cytokine-mediated activation. Thus, interaction of resting immature DCs with TLR ligands, for example nucleic acids, or with microbes leads to a cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines and skewing of T cell responses. Conversely, several cytokines are able to trigger DC activation (maturation) via autocrine, for example TNF and plasmacytoid DCs, and paracrine, for example type I IFN and myeloid DCs, pathways. By controlling DC activation, cytokines regulate immune homeostasis and the balance between tolerance and immunity. The increased production and/or bioavailability of cytokines and associated alterations in DC homeostasis have been implicated in various human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Targeting these cytokines with biological agents as already is the case with TNF and IL-1 represents a success of immunology and the coming years will expand the range of cytokines as therapeutic targets in autoinflammatory and autoimmune pathology.
树突状细胞（DCs）可产生细胞因子，并易受细胞因子介导的激活作用影响。因此，静息的未成熟DCs与Toll样受体（TLR）配体（如核酸）或微生物相互作用会引发一系列促炎细胞因子的产生，并使T细胞反应发生偏向。相反，几种细胞因子能够通过自分泌途径（如肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）和浆细胞样DCs）以及旁分泌途径（如I型干扰素和髓样DCs）触发DC激活（成熟）。通过控制DC激活，细胞因子调节免疫稳态以及耐受与免疫之间的平衡。细胞因子产生增加和/或生物利用度提高以及DC稳态的相关改变与多种人类炎症性和自身免疫性疾病有关。如针对TNF和白细胞介素-1（IL-1）那样，使用生物制剂靶向这些细胞因子代表了免疫学的一项成功，并且在未来几年，作为自身炎症性和自身免疫性病理学治疗靶点的细胞因子范围将会扩大。
