Pacheco Helen F M, Fernandes Jhessyka L F, Dias Fernanda C R, Deus Marina C, Ribeiro Daniele L, Michelin Márcia A, Gomes Marcos L M
Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Vigário Carlos, 100, 10 Andar, Uberaba CEP 38025-350, MG, Brazil.
Department of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av Maranhão, 1783, Uberlândia CEP 38405-318, MG, Brazil.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 May 21;26(10):4939. doi: 10.3390/ijms26104939.
(1) The primary prostate cancer treatment involves androgen deprivation therapy, with or without chemotherapy. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy against cancer due to its ability to modulate the immune system, overcome immune evasion, and stimulate the attack on tumor cells. Thus, this review urges an exploration of the underlying mechanisms to validate the efficacy and safety of dendritic cell immunotherapy for prostate cancer treatment. (2) An extensive literature search identified 45 eligible studies in PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Embase databases. Phase I and II clinical trials and in vitro studies (PROSPERO registration number CRD42024538296) were analyzed to extract information on patient selection, vaccine preparation, treatment details, and disease progression. (3) Despite significant variability in vaccine development and treatment protocols, vaccines were shown to induce satisfactory immune responses, including T-cell activation, increased CD4 and CD8 cell populations, upregulated expression of HLA-A2 and HLA-DR, enhanced migratory capacity of dendritic cells, and elevated interferon levels. Cytokine responses, particularly involving Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and Interleukin 12 (IL-12), varied across studies. Immunotherapy demonstrated potential by eliciting positive immune responses, reducing PSA levels, and showing an acceptable safety profile. However, side effects such as erythema and fever were observed. (4) The analyzed treatments were well-tolerated, but variability in clinical responses and side effects underscores the need for further research to optimize the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.
（1）前列腺癌的主要治疗方法包括雄激素剥夺疗法，可联合或不联合化疗。免疫疗法由于能够调节免疫系统、克服免疫逃逸并刺激对肿瘤细胞的攻击，已成为一种有前景的抗癌策略。因此，本综述敦促探索其潜在机制，以验证树突状细胞免疫疗法治疗前列腺癌的有效性和安全性。（2）通过在PubMed、科学网、Scopus和Embase数据库中进行广泛的文献检索，确定了45项符合条件的研究。对I期和II期临床试验以及体外研究（PROSPERO注册号CRD42024538296）进行分析，以提取有关患者选择、疫苗制备、治疗细节和疾病进展的信息。（3）尽管疫苗研发和治疗方案存在显著差异，但疫苗显示出能诱导令人满意的免疫反应，包括T细胞活化、CD4和CD8细胞群体增加、HLA - A2和HLA - DR表达上调、树突状细胞迁移能力增强以及干扰素水平升高。细胞因子反应，特别是涉及白细胞介素10（IL - 10）和白细胞介素12（IL - 12）的反应，在不同研究中有所不同。免疫疗法通过引发积极的免疫反应、降低前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）水平并显示出可接受的安全性，展现出了潜力。然而，观察到了诸如红斑和发热等副作用。（4）所分析的治疗方法耐受性良好，但临床反应和副作用的变异性凸显了进一步研究以优化这种治疗方法的有效性和安全性的必要性。
